Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of the pioneer vegetation of Ukraine. 2. Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae, Festucetea vaginatae, Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis classes
Abstract
Pioneer psammophytic vegetation is usually developed on wind-drift sandy substrates such as arenas, spits, beaches, river terraces, and this vegetation occupies significant areas in all three natural zones of Ukraine. The Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class was represented by 13 associations, 3 alliances and 1 order; Festucetea vaginatae class by 22 associations, 2 alliances and 1 order; Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae by 10 associations, 4 alliances and 1 order. The results of cluster analysis and synoptic tables of the classes are presented. 9 alliances are briefly described. Leading factors of territorial and ecological differentiation are identified. It was found that the territorial distribution of plant communities is influenced by the character of ecotope mesorelief, soil composition and humus horizon thickness, as well as the degree of eolian processes development. The main factors of their ecological differentiation are soil acidity, salt regime and ombroregime. Based on the results of DCA-ordination of syntaxa within certain vegetation classes, it was found that their distribution is influenced by factors that correlate with the environment-specific conditions. It has emerged that an ecological differentiation of syntaxa within Festucetea vaginatae is determined by the integrated effect of gradients, and soil salinity is leading among them. Temperature regime and climate continentality are leading factors in the distribution of syntaxa within the Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class. The gradients of ombroregime and soil humidity have a significant impact. The distribution of communities of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae class in the ecological space is determined mainly by factors of variability of damping, ombroregime and climate continentality. The author’s syntaxonomic concept assumes the independence of the studied classes: Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis, Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Festucetea vaginatae, considering that the leading factors of community differentiation of the Festucetea vaginatae and Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis classes are the origin (genesis) of sandy substrates, as well as soil acidity. Phytosociological analysis of a large number of relevés of coastal littoral vegetation also provides support for independence of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Ammophiletea classes different floristically and ecologically. A review of the psammophytic vegetation of Ukraine will determine the place of the selected syntaxonomic units in the pan-European system.References
Acosta, A., & Ercole, S. (Eds.). (2015). Gli habitat delle coste sabbiose italiane: Ecologia e problematiche di conservazione [Italian coastal dune habitats: Ecology and conservation issues]. ISPRA, Serie Rapporti (in Italian).
Aleshkina, U. M. (2011). Rastitelnye soobshchestva zelenoy zony g. Kieva [Plant communities of the green zone of Kiev]. In: Vserossiyskaya nauchnaya konferentsiya "Otechestvennaya geobotanika: Osnovnye vekhi i perspektivy". Boston-Spektr, Sankt-Petersburg. Pp. 7–10 (in Russian).
Androsova, A. Y., & Solomakha, T. D. (1996). Psamofilna roslynnist’ Bilosarayskoi kosy i morskoho uzberezhzhya poblyzu m. Mariupolya [Psammophilous vegetation of the Bilosarai spit and the sea coast near Mariupol]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 1, 41–49 (in Ukrainian).
Bairak, O. M. (1998). Florystychna klasyfikatsiya roslynnoho pokryvu Livoberezhnoho Prydniprov’ya [Floristic classification of vegetation of the Left Bank Dnieper]. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 55(2), 139–145 (in Ukrainian).
Bardat, J., Bioret, F., Botineau, M., Boullet, V., Delpech, R., Genu, J.-M., Haury, J., Lacoste, A., Rameau, J.-C., Royer, J.-M., Roux, G., & Touffet, J. M. (2004). Prodrome des végétations de France [The prodrome of French vegetation]. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (in French).
Berg, C., Dengler, J., Abdank, A., & Iermann, M. (Eds.). (2004). Die Pflanzengesellschaften Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns und ihre Gefährdung [The plant communities of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and their vulnerability]. Wiessdorn Verlag, Jena (in German).
Borhidi, A. (2003). Magyarorszag növćnytársulásai [Plant associations in Hungary]. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest (in Hungarian).
Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie – Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde [Phytosociology – Broad Vegetation Science]. 3rd ed. Springer, Wien (in German).
Bulokhov, A. D. (2019). Soobshchestva klassa Sedo-Scleranhetea Br.-Bl. 1955 v poyme reki Desny [Сommunities of the class Sedo-Scleranhetea Br.-Bl. 1955 in floodplain of the Desna River]. Diversity of Plant World В, 3(3), 56–66 (in Russian).
Chusova, O. O. (2019). Roslynnist’ ta biotopy baseynu r. Krasna [Vegetation and biotopes of the Krasna river basin]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Chynkina, T. B. (2003). Syntaksonomiya i antropohenna dynamika roslynnosti hyrlovoji oblasti Dnipra [Syntaxonomy and anthropogenic dynamics of vegetation of the mouth of the Dnieper]. Publishing Kherson National University, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Chytrý, M. (Ed.). (2007). Vegetace České republiky. 1. Travinná a keřičková vegetace [Vegetation of the Czech Republic. 1. Grassland and Heathland Vegetation]. Academia, Praha (in Czech).
Demina, O. N. (2009). Soobshchestva klassa Festucetea vaginatae Soó em. Vicherek 1972 na territorii Tsimlyanskikh peskov v Rostovskoy oblasti [Communities of the class Festucetea vaginatae Soó em. Vicherek 1972 on the territory of Tsimlyansk sands in the Rostov region]. In: Materialy Moskovskogo Tsentra Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva. Biogeografiya, Moscow, 15, 27–38 (in Russian).
Demina, O. N. (2015). Klassifikatsiya rastitelnosti stepey basseyna Dona [Classification of the steppe vegetation of the Don basin]. Publisher of the Southern Federal University, Rostov na Donu (in Russian).
Dengler, J. (2004). Klasse Koelerio-Corynephoretea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 – Sandtrockenrasen und Felsgrusfluren von der submeridionalen bis zur borealen Zone [Class Koelerio-Corynephoretea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 – dry sand turf and rocky meadows from the submeridional to the boreal zone]. In: Berg, C., Dengler, J., Abdank, A., & Iermann, M. (Eds.). Die Pflanzengesellschaften Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns und ihre Gefährdung. Wiessdorn Verlag, Jena. Pp. 301–326 (in German).
Didukh, Y. P. (2011). The ecological scales for the species of Ukrainian flora and their use in synphytoindication. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv.
Didukh, Y. P. (2012). Osnovy bioindykatsii [Fundamentals of bioindication]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Didukh, Y. P., & Korotchenko, I. A. (1996). Stepova roslynnist’ pivdennoi chastyny Livoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy. 1: Klasy Festucetea vaginatae ta Helianthemo-Thymetea [Steppe vegetation of the southern part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. 1: Classes Festucetea vaginatae and Helianthemo-Thymetea]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 2, 56–63 (in Ukrainian).
Dring, J., Hoda, P., Mersinllari, M., Mullaj, A., Pignatti, S., & Rodwell, J. (2002). Plant communities of Albania – a preliminary overview. Annali di Botanica, 2, 7–30.
Dubyna, D. V., Neuhäuslová, Z., & Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (1995). Vegetation of the "Birjucij Island" Spit in Azov Sea. Sand Steppe Vegetation. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, 30, 1–31.
Dubyna, D. V., Dziuba, T. P., Zhmud, O. I., Tymoshenko, P. A., & Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (1996). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti Zhebryyanskoho prymorskoho pasma (Odeska obl.). I. Pisky [Syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Zhebriyansky coastal ridge (Odessa region). I. Sands]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 2, 44–56 (in Ukrainian).
Dubyna, D. V., Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R., Zhmud, O. I., Dvoretskiy, T. V., Dziuba, T. P., & Tymoshenko, P. A. (2003). Dunayskyi biosfernyi zapovidnyk. Roslynnyi svit [Dunaisky Biosphere Reserve. Plant Kingdom]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Dubyna, D. V., Neuhäuslová, Z., Dziuba, T. P., & Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (2004). Klasyfikatsiya ta prodromus syntaksonomichnoi riznomanitnosti vodoym, perezvolozhenykh terytoriy ta aren Pivnichnoho Prychornomor’ya [Classification and Prodrome of vegetation of reservoirs, overmoisturized territories and aren of the Nothern part of the Black Sea region]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Dubyna, D. V., & Dziuba, T. P. (2005). Fitotsenotychna riznomanitnist’ ostrova Dzharylhach (Khersonska oblast) [Phytocenotic diversity of Dzharylgach island (Kherson region)]. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 62(2), 255–269 (in Ukrainian).
Dubyna, D. V., Tymoshenko, P. A., & Dvoretskyi, T. V. (2009). Ekoloho-florystychni osoblyvosti uhrupovan klasu Festucetea vaginatae v Ukraini ta zavdannya yikh okhorony [Ecological and floristic features of groups of the class Festucetea vaginatae in Ukraine and tasks of their protection]. Chornomorski Botanical Journal, 5(4), 491–501 (in Ukrainian).
Dubyna, D. V., Dziuba, T. P., Iemelianova, S. М., Bagrikova, N. О., Borysova, О. V., Borsukevych, L. M., Vynokurov, D. S., Gapon, S. V., Gapon, Y. V., Davydov, D. А., Dvoretsky, T. V., Didukh, Y. P., Zhmud, О. І., Kozyr, М. S., Konyschuk, V. V., Kuzemko, А. А., Paskevych, N. А., Ryff, L. Е., Solomakha, V. А., Felbaba-Klushyna, L. М., Fitsailo, Т. V., Chorna, G. А., Chorney, І. І., Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R., & Iakushenko, D. М. (2019a). Prodromus roslynnosti Ukrainy [Prodrome of the vegetation of Ukraine]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Dziuba, T. P., Solomakha, T. D., & Tymoshenko, P. A. (2010). Roslynni uhrupovannya [Vegetation communities]. In: Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskiy. Nature: Vegetation. Critical inventory annotated notes of flora and vegetation: Vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, and algae. FOP Majdanchenko I. S., Korsun-Shevchenkivsky, 86–95 (in Ukrainian).
Ermakov, N. B. (2012). Prodromus vysshikh edinits rastitelnosti Rossii [Prodrome of higher units of vegetation in Russia]. In: Mirkin, B. M., & Naumova, L. G. (Eds.). Sovremennoe sostoyanie osnovnykh kontseptsiy nauki o rastitelnosti [The current state of the basic concepts of vegetation science]. Gilem, Ufa. Pp. 377–483 (in Russian).
Gomlya, L. M. (2005). Roslynnist’ dolyny richky Khorol [Vegetation of the Khorol River valley]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 22, 2–187 (in Ukrainian).
Gordienko, I. I. (1969). Oleshskie peski i biogeotsenoticheskie svyazi v protsesse ikh zarastaniya [Oleshski Sands and biogeocenotic connections in the process of their overgrowth]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Galchenko, N. P. (2006). Rehionalnyi landshaftnyi park "Kremenchutski plavni". Roslynnyi svit [Kremenchuk Plavni Regional Landscape Park. Plant Kingdom]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Hennekens, S. M., & Schaminée, J. H. J. (2001). Turboveg, a comprehensive date base management system for vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 589–591.
Hill, M. O., & Gauch, H. G. (1980). Detrended correspondence analysis: An improved ordination technique. Vegetatio, 42, 47–58.
Hill, M. O. (1979). Twinspan – a Fortran program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and the attributes. Ithaca, NY.
Jarolímek, I., Šibík, J., Hegedüšová, K., Janišová, M., Kliment, J., Kučera, P., Májeková, J., Michálková, D., Sadloňová, J., Šibíková, I., Škodová, I., Tichý, L., Ujházy, K., Ujházyová, M., Uhlířová, J., Valachovič, M., & Zaliberová, M. (2008). Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of the higher vegetation units of Slovakia. Veda, Bratislava.
Konishchuk, V. V. (2006). Otsinka riznomanitnosti ekosystem Cheremskoho Pryrodnoho Zapovidnyka na osnovi kartohrafichnoho modelyuvannya [Estimation of ecosystem diversity of Cheremsky Nature Reserve on the basis of cartographic modeling]. Dia, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Korolyuk, А. Y., Lebedeva, М. V., Yamalov, S. М., Golovanov, Y. М., Dulepova, N. А., Zolotareva, N. V., & Teptina, А. Y. (2018). The petrophytic steppes of the Urals: Diversity and ecological drivers. The Fourth International scientific conference on ecology and geography of plants and plant communities. KnE Life Sciences. Pp. 88–94.
Korzhenevsky, V. V. (1986). Rastitelnost dyun Kryma [The vegetation of the Crimean dunes]. Collection of Scientific Papers of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 98, 122–133 (in Russian).
Korzhenevsky, V. V., & Klyukin, A. A. (1990). Rastitelnost abrazionnykh i akkumulyativnykh form rel’efa morskikh poberezhiy i ozer Kryma [Vegetation of abrasion and accumulative relief forms of the Crimean sea coasts and lakes]. Moscow, Dep. v VINITI 10.07.1990, No 3822–В90 (in Russian).
Korzhenevsky, V. V., Bagrikova, N. A., Ryff, L. E., & Levon, A. R. (2003). Prodromus rastitelnosti Kryma (20 let na platforme floristicheskoy klassifikatsii) [Prodromus of the Crimean vegetation (20 years on the platform of floristic classification)]. Bulletin of Main Botanical Garden of RAN, 186, 32–51 (in Russian).
Korzhenevsky, V. V., & Kvitnitskaya, A. A. (2014). Sintaksonomiya rastitelnosti eolovogo relefa Kryma [Syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Crimean eolian relief]. Works of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, 136, 41–55 (in Russian).
Kovalenko, O. A. (2016). Flora, roslynnist’ ta fitosozolohichni aspekty NPP "Pyryatynskyi" [Flora, vegetation and phytososological aspects of NPP "Pyriatynsky"]. Mria, Sumy (in Ukrainian).
Kuzemko, A. (2009). Dry grasslands on sandy soils in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the plains region of Ukraine: Present state of syntaxonomy. Tuexenia, 29, 369–390.
Matuszkiewicz, W. (2008). Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski [Guide for identification of the plant communities of Poland]. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa (in Polish).
Onyshchenko, V. A. (2006). Florystychna klasyfikatsiya roslynnosti Ukrainskoho Polissya [Floristic classification of vegetation of Ukrainian Polissya]. In: Fitoriznomanittya Ukrainskoho Polissya ta yoho okhorona [Phytodiversity of Ukrainian Polissya and its protection]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv. Pp. 43–84 (in Ukrainian).
Orlov, O. O., & Yakushenko, D. M. (2005). Roslynnyi pokryv proektovanoho Korostyshivskoho natsionalnoho pryrodnoho parku [Vegetation of the projected Korostyshiv National Nature Park]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Polishko, O. D. (2001). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti dilyanky borovoi terasy (Prokhorivske lisnytstvo Cherkaskoi oblasti) [Syntaxonomy of pine terrace vegetation (Prochoriv forestry of Cherkasy region)]. Zapovidna Sprava v Ukraini, 7(1), 11–20 (in Ukrainian).
Polishko, O. D. (2005). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti dilyanky borovoi terasy Dnipra (Chyhyrynske lisnytstvo Cherkaskoi oblasti) [Syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Dnieper pine terrace area (Chyhyryn forestry of Cherkasy region)]. Aktualni Problemy Botaniky ta Ekolohii, 1, 163–176 (in Ukrainian).
Rivas-Martínez, S., Fernández-González, F., Loidi, J., Lousã, M., & Penas, A. (2001). Syntaxonomical checklist of vascular plant communities of Spain and Portugal to association level. Itinera Geobotanica, 14, 5–341.
Rodwell, J. S., Schaminee, J. H. J., Mucina, L., Pignatti, S., Dring, J., & Moss, D. (2002). The diversity of European vegetation. An overview of phytosociological alliances and their relationships to EUNIS habitats. National Centre for Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, Wageningen.
Roleček, J., Tichý, L., Zelený, D., & Chytrý, M. (2009). Modified Twinspan classification in which the hierarchy respects cluster heterogeneity. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20, 596–602.
Sádlo, J., & Chytrý, M. (2007). Jasiono montanae-Festucetum ovinae Klika 1941. In: Chytrý M. (Ed.), Vegetace České republiky. 1. Travinná a keříčková vegetace [Vegetation of the Czech Republic. 1. Grassland and Heathland Vegetation]. Pp. 353–355 (in Czech).
Sanda, V., Öllerer, K., & Burescu, P. (2008). Fitocenozele din Romănia. Sintaxonomia, structură, dinamică si evolutie. Ars Docendi, Bucureşti (in Romanian).
Senchylo, O. O. (2010). Roslynnist’ zaplavy Dnipra v mezhakh Lisostepu [Vegetation of the Dnieper floodplain within the Forest-Steppe zone]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Shevchyk, V. L., & Polishko, O. D. (2000). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti dilyanky borovoi terasy Dnipra (Liplyavske lisnytstvo Cherkaskoi oblasti) [Syntaxonomy of pine terrace vegetation (Liplavo forestry of Cherkasy region)]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 16, 67–89 (in Ukrainian).
Shevchyk, V. L., & Solomakha, V. A. (1996). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti ostroviv Kruhlyk ta Shelestiv Kanivskoho pryrodnoho zapovidnyka [The syntaxonomy of vegetation of Kruglyk and Shelestiv islands in Kaniv Nature Reserve]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 1, 12–27 (in Ukrainian).
Shevchyk, V. L., Solomakha, V. A., &Voityuk, Y. O. (1996). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti ta spysok flory Kanivskoho pryrodnoho zapovidnyka [The syntaxonomy of vegetation and list of the flora of Kaniv Nature Reserve]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series B, 1(4), 2–120 (in Ukrainian).
Solomakha, I. V., Vorobyov, Y. O., & Moysiyenko, I. I. (2015). Roslynnyi pokryv lisiv ta chaharnykiv Pivnichnoho Prychornomor'ya [Vegetation of forests and shrubs of the Northern Black Sea Coast]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Solomakha, V. A. (2008). Syntaksonomia rosnynnosti Ukrainy. Tretie nablyzhennia [The syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Ukraine. The third approximation]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Sörensen, T. A. (1948). A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similary of species content, and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Biologiske Skrifter, 5, 1–34.
Soroka, M. I. (2008). Roslynnist’ Ukrainskoho Roztochchya [Vegetation of the Ukrainian Roztocze]. Svit, Lviv (in Ukrainian).
Ter Braak, C. J. F., & Smilauer, P. (2015). Topics in constrained and unconstrained ordination. Plant Ecology, 216(5), 683–696.
Tichy, L. (2002). Juice, software for vegetation classification. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 451–453.
Tsukanova, H. O. (2005). Florystychne ta tsenotychne riznomanittya ostroviv Dnipra v mezhakh m. Kyyeva ta yoho okhorona [Floristic and coenotic diversity of the Dnieper islands within the city of Kyiv and its protection]. Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Tymoshenko, P. A. (1999). Suchasnyi stan klasyfikatsii roslynnosti aren pivdnya Ukrainy [The modern state of classification of vegetation of the arenas of Southern Ukraine]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 12–13, 201–205 (in Ukrainian).
Tyshchenko, O. V. (2006). Roslynnist’ prymorskykh kis pivnichnoho uzberezhzhya Azovskoho morya [The vegetation of the northern coastal spits of the Sea of Azov]. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Tzonev, R. T., Dimitrov, M. A., & Roussakova, V. H. (2009). Syntaxa according tо the Braun-Blanquet approach in Bulgaria. Phytologia Balcanica, 15(2), 209–233.
Umanets, O. Y., & Solomakha, I. V. (1999a). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti Chornomorskoho biosfernoho zapovidnyka. II. Ostriv Tendra [Syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. ІІ. Tendra Island]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 12–13, 63–77 (in Ukrainian).
Umanets, O. Y., & Solomakha, I. V. (1999b). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti Chornomorskoho biosfernoho zapovidnyka. III. Dilyanka Ivano-Rybalchanska [Syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. III. Ivano-Rybalchanska site]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series A, 14, 84–102 (in Ukrainian).
Valachovič, M., Oťaheľová, H., Stanová, V., & Maglocký, Š. (Eds.). (1995). Rastlinné spoločenstvá Slovenska 1. Pionierska vegetácia [Plant communities of Slovakia 1. Pioneer vegetation]. Veda, Bratislava.
Venables, W. N., & Smith, D. M. (2008). An introduction to R. 2nd edition. Network Theory Ltd.
Vicherek, J. (1972). Die Sandpflanzengesselschaften des unteren und mittleren Dnieprstromgebietes (die Ukraine). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, 7, 9–46.
Vorobyov, Y. O., Balashov, L. S., & Solomakha, V. A. (1997). Syntaksonomiya roslynnosti Polis’kogo pryrodnogo zapovidnyka [The syntaxonomy of vegetation of the Polesie Nature Reserve]. Ukrainian Phytosociological Collection, Series B, 8, 2–128 (in Ukrainian).
Ward, J. H., Jr. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, 236–244.
Weber, H. E., Moravec, J., & Theurillat, J.-P. (2000). International code of phytosociological nomenclature. 3rd edition. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 739–768.
Westhoff, V., & van der Maarel, E. (1973). The Braun-Blanquet approach. 2-nd ed. In: Whittaker, R. (Ed.). Classification of Plant Communities. Pp. 287–399.
Whittaker, R. H. (1978). Approaches to classifying vegetation on classification of plant communities. 2-nd ed. The Hague, Junk.
Willner, W., Roleček, J., Korolyuk, A., Dengler, J., Chytrý, M., Janišová, M., Lengyel, A., Aćić, S., Becker, T., Ćuk, M., Demina, O., Jandt, U., Kącki, Z., Kuzemko, A., Kropf, M., Lebedeva, M., Semenishchenkov, Y., Šilc, U., Stančić, Z., Staudinger, M., Vassilev K., & Yamalov, S. (2019). Formalized classification of semi-dry grasslands in Central and Eastern Europe. Preslia, 91, 25–49.
Yakushenko, D. M. (2004). Nova asotsiatsiya psamofilnoi roslynnosti zi skhodu Zhytomyrskoho Polissya [New association of psammophilous vegetation from the east of Zhytomyr Polissya]. Visnyk of Lviv National University. Biology Series, 35, 95–101 (in Ukrainian).