Cenopopulation of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae) in forest ecosystems that have been anthropogenically transformed to various degrees

  • O. P. Chornous Holosiivsky National Nature Park
Keywords: short-rooted forest orchids; late-successive biogeocenosises; locations of biodiversity; cenopopulation studies; ontogenetic structure.

Abstract

Because of developed symbiotic connections of the root system of trees, mycorrhiza-forming fungi and the orchid family Orchidaceae in forest ecosystems of the northeast Polissia Region – cultivated Pinus sylvestris, which are now 100–120 years old, recovery of cenopopulations of Epipactis helleborine has been observed in locations of mixed and broad-leaved forests. In natural plant cover of mature pines of the region, indigenous vegetation is gradually recovering – there occur young Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides of various ages, crown density of understory formed by Coryllus avellana has reached 0.6, above-ground organic leaf foliage that is able to sustain moisture and increase fertility of soil accumulates, creating sufficient conditions of shading for seedlings and juvenile individuals of forest orchids. Special studies revealed a relationship between density of E. helleborine specimens and crown density of the tree stand, shrub strata, structure of soil cover, expressed in cenoses under various degrees of recreational pressure. Density of individuals of forest orchids in the studied populations ranges 10.0 to 0.1 ind./10 m2. Dynamics were seen in groupings of Betuleto-Pineta corylosa, Querceta (roboris) corylosa, Querceto-Pineta corylosa, Acereto (platanoidis) –Tilieto (cordatae) – Quercetum (roboris) aegopodiosum in the territory of the nature-reserve fund and structurally similar anthropogenically pressurized cenoses. We determined that all examined cenopopulations in old indigenous zonal cenoses in the territory of the nature reserve fund are normal, they may be considered relatively stable, ontogenetic spectra are incomplete, mostly with right-sided age spectrum – maximum numbers of virgin and generative individuals of various stages. Low density of individuals and incomplete spectra of cenopopulations in light oak forests are natural, and now the largest share of generative and virgin individuals is concentrated in this area. Impact of recreation, unavoidable due to proximity to a road, is a negative factor directly decreasing their density. Ontogenetic spectra of all cenopopulations are incomplete – no seedlings were found in the natural conditions due to underground type of germination. Much more interesting data may be obtained by monitoring studies of age and morphometric dynamic changes during several years.

References

Andriyenko, T. L., Onyshchenko, V. A., Pryadko, O. I., Panchenko, S. M., Arap, R. Y., Konishchuk, V. V., Lukash, O. V., Karpenko, Y. O., Virchenko, V. M., & Chornous, O. P. (2006). Fitoriznomanittya Ukrayins’koho Polissya ta yoho okhorona [Phytodiversity of Ukrainian Polissya and its protection]. Phytosociocenter, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Calevo, J., & Bazzicalupo, M. (2020). Less is more: Low-cost in vitro propagation of an endangered Italian orchid. Nature Conservation Research, 5, 172–177.
Chornous, O. P. (2005). Florystychni znahidky na terytoriji Shostkynskogo geobotanichnogo rajonu (Sums’ka oblast’) [Floristic finds on the territory of Shostka geobotanical district (Sumy region)]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 62(3), 360–364.
Chornous, O. P. (2006). Lisova roslinnist’ Shostkins’kogo geobotanichnogo rajonu (Sums’ka oblast’) [Forest vegetation of Shostka geobotanical district (Sumy region)]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 63(3), 401–410.
Chornous, O. P., & Andriyenko, T. L. (2004). Oseredok borealnyh vydiv na pivdni Novgorod-Siverskogo Polissya [The center of boreal species in the south of Novgorod-Siversky Polissya]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 61(3), 89–93.
Delforge, P. (2006). Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. A&C Black Publishers Ltd., London.
Didukh, Y. P. (2009). Zelena knyga of Ukrajiny [Green book of Ukraine]. Alterpress, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Didukh, Y. P. (Ed.). (2009). Chervona knyga Ukrayiny. Roslynnyj svit [Red Data Book of Ukraine. Plant Kingdom]. Globalconsalting, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Didukh, Y. P., & Sсhelyah-Sosonko, Y. R. (2003). Geobotanichne rajonuvannja Ukrajiny ta sumizhnykh terytorij [Geobotanical zoning of Ukraine and adjacent territories]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 60(1), 6–17.
Djordjević, V. (2016). Epipactis muelleri (Orchidaceae – Neottieae), a species new to the flora of Serbia. Phyton, 56(2), 303–312.
Dubyna, D. V., Dzyuba, T. P., Yemelyanova, S. M., Bagricova, N. O., Borysova, O. V., Borsukevych, L. M., Vynokurov, D. S., Gapon, S. V., Gapon, Y. V., Davydov, D. A., Dvoreczkyj, T. V., Didukh, Y. P., Zhmud, O. I., Kozyr, M. S., Konishuk, V. V., Kuzemko, A. A., Pashkevych, N. A., Ryff, L. E., Solomakha, V. A., Felbaba-Klushyna, L. M., Ficzalo, T. V., Chorna, G. A., Chornej, I. I., Shelyah-Sosonko, Y. R., & Yakushenko, D. M. (2019). Prodromus roslynnosti Ukrajiny [Prodrome of the vegetation of Ukraine]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Efimov, P. G. (2004). Rod Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) na territorii Rosii [Genus Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) in the Russia]. Turczaninowia, 7(3), 8–42.
Efimov, P. G. (2020). Orchids of Russia: Annotated checklist and geographic distribution. Nature Conservation Research, 5, 1–18.
Fateryga, A. V., & Fateryga, V. V. (2018a). Rod Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) vo flore Rosii [The genus Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Russia]. Turczaninowia, 21(4), 19–34.
Fateryga, A. V., Popovich, A. V., Fateryga, V. V., Averyanova, E. A., & Kreutz, C. A. J. (2018b). New data on the genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae) in the North Caucasus with description of a new species. Phytotaxa, 358(3), 278–288.
Khapugin, A. A. (2020). A global systematic review on orchid data in protected areas. Nature Conservation Research, 5, 19–33.
Kirillova, I. A., & Kirillov, D. V. (2021). Reproductive success of orchids at the northern border of their distribution areas (North-East of European Russia). Nature Conservation Research, 6(1), 17–27.
Klimenko, G. O. (2011). Ontogenetychna struktura cenopopuljacij ridkisnyh vydiv roslyn na terytoriji Nacional’nogo pryrodnogo parku “Desnians’ko-Staroguts’kyj” [Ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations of rare plant species in the territory of the National Natural Park “Desnyansko-Starogutsky”]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 68(5), 663–671.
Light, M., & Mac Conill, M. (2006). Appearance and disappearance of a weedy orchid, Epipactis helleborine. Folia Geobotanica, 41, 71–93.
Lubka, Т. Т. (2018). Epipactis albensis (Orchidaceae) u Zakarpatti [Epipactis albensis (Orchidaceae) in Transcarpathia]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 75(6), 533–537.
Marinich, A. M., Popov, V. P., & Lanko, A. I. (1968). Fiziko-geograficheskoe rajonirovanie Ukrainskoj SSR [Physico-geographical zoning of the Ukrainian SSR]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
Melnik, V. I. (1996). Chervona knyga Franciji [The Red Book of France]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 53(6), 755–757.
Molnár, A. V., & Sramkó, G. (2012). Epipactis albensis (Orchidaceae): A new species in the flora of Romania. Biologia, 67(5), 883–888.
Onyshchenko, V. A. (2017). Validation of names of some syntax of the Fagetalia sylvaticae from Ukraine. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 74(1), 35–36.
Panchenko, S. M. (2010). Vplyv umov roku na morfometrychni parametry vydiv Orchidaceae u Novgorod-Sivers’komu Polissi. Roslynnyj svit u Chervonij knyzi Ukrajiny: Vprovadzhennja global’nogo strategichnogo zberezhennja roslyn [Influence of year conditions on morphometric parameters of Orchidaceae species in Novgorod-Siversky Polissya]. Al’terpres, Kyiv. Pp. 164–168 (in Ukrainian).
Panchenko, S. M. (2015). Svitli dubovi lisy na pivnichnomu shodi Ukrajiny, osoblyvosti jikh dynamiky ta pytannia ohorony [Light oak forests in the north-east of Ukraine, peculiarities of their dynamics and protection issues]. Visnyk L’vivs’kogo Universytetu, 70, 47–58.
Panchenko, S. M., & Onishchenko, V. A. (2005). Shyrokolystjani lisy Naddesnjanskoji vododil’noji rivnyny z tochky zoru florystychnoji klasyfikaciji [Deciduous forests of the Naddesnyanska watershed plain from the point of view of floristic classification]. Visnyk Lugans’kogo Nacional’nogo Pedagogichnogo Universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka, 83, 69–85.
Panchenko, S., & Ivanec, V. (2019). 50 ridkisnih roslin Sumshhiny. Atlas-dovidnik [50 rare plants of Sumy region. Atlas-guide]. CNU, Chernivci (in Ukrainian).
Perebora, E. A. (2011). Jekologija orhidnyh Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza [Ecology of orchids in the North-Western Caucasus]. Krasnodar (in Russian).
Popovich, A. V., Averyanova, E. A., & Shagarov, L. M. (2020). Orchids of the Black Sea Coast of Krasnodarsky Krai (Russia): Current state, new records, conservation. Nature Conservation Research, 5, 46–68.
Prots, B. (2010). Floodplain forests of the Transcarpathia: Living close to human. Scientific Herald of Chernivtsy University, Biology (Biological System), 2(3), 77–90.
Rabotnov, T. A. (1950). Zhiznennyj cikl mnogoletnikh travjanistyh rastenij v lugovyh cenozah [The life cycle of perennial herbaceous plants in meadow cenosis]. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR, Geobotanika, 6, 70–204 (in Russian).
Serebrjakov, I. G. (1952). Morfologija vegetativnyh organov vysshih rastenij [Morphology of the vegetative organs of higher plants]. Sovetskaja Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
Seregin, A. P. (2018). Moscow University Herbarium (MW). Version 1.14. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Occurrence Dataset.
Shelyah-Sosonko, Y. R., & Andrienko, T. L. (1987). Zeljonaja kniga Ukrainskoj SSSR: Redkie, ischezajushhie i tipichnye, nuzhdajushhiesja v ohrane rastitel’nye soobshhestva [Green book of the Ukrainian SSR: Rare, endangered and typical plant communities in need of protection]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
Shelyah-Sosonko, Y. R., Ustimenko, P. M., Popovich, S. U., & Vakarenko, L. P. (2002). Zelena knyga Ukrajiny. Lisy [Green Book of Ukraine. Forests]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Smirnova, O. V., Zaugolnova, L. B., & Ermakova, I. M. (1976). Cenopopuljacii rastenij (osnovnye ponjatija i struktura) [Plant cenopopulations (basic concepts and structure)]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
Smoliar, N. O., & Smagliuk, O. Y. (2015). Znahidky orhidnyh na terytoriji nyzhn’oji Suly (Ukrajina) [Finds of orchids in the lower Sula (Ukraine)]. Chornomors’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 11(4), 535–542.
Solomakha, I. V. (2020). Osoblyvosti zrostannja koruchky chemernykovydnoji (Epipactis helleborine (L.) Srantz) u polezahysnij lisovij smuzi na okolyci m. Kyjeva [Peculiarities of Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz growth in the field protective forest zones in the surroundings of Kyiv]. Agroecological Journal, 4, 33–38 (in Ukrainian).
Solomakha, I. V., Konishchuk, V. V., & Chornobrov O. Y. (2021). Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz u spontannyh lisovyh ugrupovannjah Regional’nogo landshaftnogo parku “Lysa gora” (m. Kyiv) [Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz in spontaneous forest groups of Regional Landscape Park “Lysa Hora” (Kyiv)]. Chornomors’kyi Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 17(3), 232–241.
Stoyko, S. M. (2020). Biosfera jak global’na ekosystema ta vplyv tehnosfery na jiji balans [Biosphere as global ecosystem and influence of technosphere on its balance]. Visnyk Nacional’noji Akademiji Nauk Ukrajiny, 9, 41–65 (in Ukrainian).
Timchenko, І. А. (1996). Struktura populjacij vydiv rodu Epipactis Zinn i tendenciji jiji zminy pid antropogennym vplyvom [The structure of populations of species of the genus Epipactis Zinn (Orchidaceae) and trends in its change under anthropogenic influence]. Ukrains’kyj Botanichnyj Zhurnal, 53(6), 690–695.
Tymochko, I. Y., & Solomakha, V. A. (2020). Ekologichne znachennia zrostannia koruchky chemernykovydnoji (Epipactis helleborine) v shtuchnyh derevnyh nasadzhennjah Shidnogo Lisostepovogo lisomelioratyvnogo rajonu [Ecological significance of growth Epipactis helleborine in artificial tree plantations of the Eastern Forest-Steppe forest reclamation area]. Agroecological Journal, 3, 58–62 (in Ukrainian).
Uranov, A. A. (1975). Vozrastnoj spektr fitocenopopuljacij kak funkcija vremeni i jenergeticheskih volnovyh processov [Age spectrum of phytocenopopulations as a function of time and energy wave processes]. Nauchnye Doklady Vysshej Shkoly, Biologicheskie Nauki, 2, 7–34.
Uranov, A. A. (1977). Voprosy izuchenija struktury fitocenozov i vidovyh cenopopuljacij [Questions of studying the structure of phytocenoses and species coenopopulations]. Nauka, Moscow. Vol. 2. Pp. 7–20.
Vakhromeeva, M. G., Varlygina, T. I., & Tatarenko, I. V. (2014). Orhidnye Rossii (biologija, jekologija i ohrana) [Orchids of Russia (biology, ecology and protection)]. KMK, Moscow (in Russian).
Varlygina, T. I., & Vakhrameeva, M. G. (1998). Dremlik shirokolistnyj na territorii Moskvy [Dremlik broadleaf in the territory of Moscow]. Bjulleten Botanicheskogo Sada, 7, 35–37.
Yarova, O. A., Parnikoza, I. Y., & Boreiko, V. Y. (2020). Negativnoe vlijanie rubok lesa i drugoj hoziajstvennoj dejatel’nosti na krasnoknizhnye i drugie ohraniaemye rastenija [The negative impact of deforestation and other economic activities on the Red Book and other protected plants]. Logos, Kyiv (in Russian).
Zlobin, Y. A. (2009). Populiacionnaja ekologija rastenij: Sovremennoe sostojanie, tochki rosta [Population ecology of plants: Current state, points of growth]. Universitetskaja Kniga, Sumy (in Russian).
Published
2022-05-25
Section
Articles