Characteristic of the dried-up zone formed as a result of the breach of the Kahovka dam
Keywords:
drying; remote sensing; soil cover; overgrowth; hydrographic network; the Dnipro River; water reservoir; plant successions
Abstract
The explosion at the Kahovka dam led to formation of new dried-up areas at the bottom of the Kahovka Reservoir, which have specific relief and mechanical composition of soil. Vegetation that has been forming in those dried-up areas for over one year now is already undergoing the first stages of succession and is characterized by high spatial non-uniformity. The study consisted of three main stages: analysis of dynamics of outflow from the reservoir and development of a scheme of hydrographic network at the site of the reservoir’s bed, analysis of soil cover, and analysis of formation of vegetative cover. We analyzed the possibility of combined use of the data of ground monitoring and remote sensing of the course and consequences of the drying. According to the reports of the Ukrainian Hydro-Meteorological Center of the State Service of Ukraine, a chronology of the emptying of the Kahovka Reservoir was created. The hydrological regime of the newly formed territory was identified using a series of satellite images. The dataset was compiled from Level-2 images from Landsat 8 and 9. Sentinel 2 was used as an additional resource. The images were processed using the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). We found the effect which the debris of the Kahovka dam has had on the flood level in the area. We observed recovery of the streambed network of the Dnipro River to its state before construction of the Kahovka dam. The hydraulics of the formed floodplains is complex. There are streams with signs of yet uncompleted meandering and many arms. Clustering of spectral characteristics and interpretation of the normalized NDCI and NDWI indices revealed that the spatial non-homogenous structure of the soil cover of dried-up bed of the reservoir is formed by four types of soil: eutric relictigleyic fluvisols, eutric gleyic fluvisols, eutric fluvic gleysols, eutric fluvic subaquatic gleysols. The soils are characterized by diverse granulometric composition (sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay) and various degrees of soil moisture. In the reservoir’s bed, the commonest soils were found to be eutric gleyic fluvisols. We determined the effect of granulometric composition and soil moisture content on the intensity of overgrowth of the reservoir’s bed. We analyzed the general dynamics of the overgrowth of the reservoir’s bed.References
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Bullinger-Weber, G., & Gobat, J.-M. (2006). Identification of facies models in alluvial soil formation: The case of a Swiss alpine floodplain. Geomorphology, 74(1–4), 181–195.
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Sanina, I., & Lyuta, N. (2023). Environmental consequences of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam explosion and ways to improve water supply to the population. Mineral Resources of Ukraine, 2, 20–55.
Shabou, M., Mougenot, B., Chabaane, Z. L., Walter, C., Boulet, G., Aissa, N. B., Zribi, M. (2015). Soil clay content mapping using a time series of Landsat TM data in semi-arid lands. Remote Sensing, 7(5), 6059–6078.
Skordas, K., Kelepertzis, E., Kosmidis, D., Panagiotaki, P., & Vafidis, D. (2014). Assessment of nutrients and heavy metals in the surface sediments of the artificially lake water reservoir Karla, Thessaly, Greece. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(8), 4483–4493.
Vyshnevskyi, V. І., & Shevchuk, S. A. (2024b). The impact of the Kakhovka dam destruction on the water temperature in the lower reaches of the Dnipro river and the former Kakhovske reservoir. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 17(2), 8.
Vyshnevskyi, V., & Shevchuk, S. (2024a). The destruction of the Kakhovka dam and the future of the Kakhovske reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 81(1), 275–288.
Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2021). Zoogenic structure aggregation in steppe and forest soils. In: Dmytruk, Y., & Dent, D. (Eds.). Soils under stress. Springer, Cham. Pp. 111–127.
Yakovenko, V., Gorban, V., Kotovych, O., Didur, O., & Lisovets, O. (2024). Visual evaluation of soil structure in low-intensity land use systems of steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil Use and Management, 40, e12972.
Yakovenko, V., Kunakh, O., Tutova, H., & Zhukov, O. (2023). Diversity of soils in the Dnipro river valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky nature reserve). Folia Oecologica, 50(2), 119–133.
Belova, N. A., & Travleev, A. P. (1999). Estestvennye lesa i stepnye pochvy [Natural forest and steppe soils]. Dnepropetrovsk State University Press, Dnepropetrovsk (in Russian).
Boyko, O. O., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2019). Nematocidial activity of aqueous solutions of plants of the families Cupressaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae and Apiaceae. Biosystems Diversity, 27(3), 227–232.
Boyko, O. O., Kabar, A. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2020). Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus. Biosystems Diversity, 28(1), 119–123.
Bullinger-Weber, G., & Gobat, J.-M. (2006). Identification of facies models in alluvial soil formation: The case of a Swiss alpine floodplain. Geomorphology, 74(1–4), 181–195.
Dorosh, A., Dorosh, O., Sakal, O., Saliuta, V., & Trokhymchuk, A. (2023). Mapping of irrigated lands in the area of influence of the Kakhovsky reservoir using GIS. International Conference of Young Professionals «GeoTerrace-2023». Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv. Vol. 2023. Pp. 1–5.
Dovhanenko, D. О., Yakovenko, V. M., Brygadyrenko, V. V., & Boyko, O. O. (2024). Complex characteristics of landscape components affected by the disaster at the Kahovka Hydropower Plant. Biosystems Diversity, 32(1), 174–182.
Gerrard, J. (1987). Alluvial soils. Van Nostrand Reinhold Soil Science Series. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Hapich, H., & Onopriienko, D. (2024). Ecology and economics of irrigation in the south of Ukraine following destruction of the Kakhov reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 81(1), 301–314.
Hapich, H., Novitskyi, R., Onopriienko, D., Dent, D., & Roubik, H. (2024). Water security consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war and the post-war outlook. Water Security, 21, 100167.
Huete, A. R. (1988). A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment, 25(3), 295–309.
IUSS Working Group WRB (2022). World Reference Base for Soil Resources. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. 4th edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna.
Kawalko, D., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2021). Morphology and physicochemical properties of alluvial soils in riparian forests after river regulation. Forests, 12(3), 329.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Daniuk, O. (2022). Influence of plants on the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance. Ekológia (Bratislava), 41(2), 113–125.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2023). The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems. Folia Oecologica, 50(1), 16–43.
Luvai, A., Obiero, J., & Omuto, C. (2022). Physicochemical properties of bottom sediments in Maruba dam reservoir, Machakos, Kenya. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2022, 2382277.
Marchelek-Myśliwiec, M., Garan, J., Mańkowska, K., & Korzeniewski, K. (2023). The risk of an epidemic outbreak in Southern Ukraine. International Maritime Health, 74(3), 192–194.
Nepsha, O., Hryshko, S., Prokhorova, L., Zavialova, T., & Lysenko, V. (2023). Environmental consequences of the explosion of the Kahovsky hydroelectric plant on biodiversity. Revista de La Universidad Del Zulia, 15(42), 163–178.
Novitskyi, R., Hapich, H., Maksymenko, M., Kutishchev, P., & Gasso, V. (2024). Losses in fishery ecosystem services of the Dnipro river delta and the Kakhovske reservoir area caused by military actions in Ukraine. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1301435.
Rzetala, M., Jagus, A., Rzetała, M. A., Rahmonov, O., Rahmonov, G., & Khak, V. (2013). Variations in the chemical composition of bottom deposits in anthropogenic lakes. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(6), 1799–1805.
Sanina, I., & Lyuta, N. (2023). Environmental consequences of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam explosion and ways to improve water supply to the population. Mineral Resources of Ukraine, 2, 20–55.
Shabou, M., Mougenot, B., Chabaane, Z. L., Walter, C., Boulet, G., Aissa, N. B., Zribi, M. (2015). Soil clay content mapping using a time series of Landsat TM data in semi-arid lands. Remote Sensing, 7(5), 6059–6078.
Skordas, K., Kelepertzis, E., Kosmidis, D., Panagiotaki, P., & Vafidis, D. (2014). Assessment of nutrients and heavy metals in the surface sediments of the artificially lake water reservoir Karla, Thessaly, Greece. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(8), 4483–4493.
Vyshnevskyi, V. І., & Shevchuk, S. A. (2024b). The impact of the Kakhovka dam destruction on the water temperature in the lower reaches of the Dnipro river and the former Kakhovske reservoir. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 17(2), 8.
Vyshnevskyi, V., & Shevchuk, S. (2024a). The destruction of the Kakhovka dam and the future of the Kakhovske reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 81(1), 275–288.
Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2021). Zoogenic structure aggregation in steppe and forest soils. In: Dmytruk, Y., & Dent, D. (Eds.). Soils under stress. Springer, Cham. Pp. 111–127.
Yakovenko, V., Gorban, V., Kotovych, O., Didur, O., & Lisovets, O. (2024). Visual evaluation of soil structure in low-intensity land use systems of steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil Use and Management, 40, e12972.
Yakovenko, V., Kunakh, O., Tutova, H., & Zhukov, O. (2023). Diversity of soils in the Dnipro river valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky nature reserve). Folia Oecologica, 50(2), 119–133.
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2024-06-15
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