Prooxidant and antioxidant balance in the blood of Ukrainian Warmblood horses during the exercises

  • A. Andriichuk Institute of Animal Breeding of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • I. Tkachova Institute of Animal Breeding of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • H. Tkachenko Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University
  • N. Kurhaliuk Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University
Keywords: prooxidant and antioxidant balance, Ukrainian Warmblood horses, exercises

Abstract

The goal of our study was an analysis of oxidative stress markers level and antioxidant defences in the blood of Ukrainian Warmblood horses at the rest and after training. There were significant decrease in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS) content and lipid hydroperoxides level in the erythrocytes and plasma of horses after the training. There were also significant decreases in the values of the aldehyde derivatives of protein oxidation in the plasma. An antioxidant defence in the blood of horses after the training was provided by the activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. Correlation analysis of the relationship between markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system confirmed the important role of glutathione antioxidant system for prevention of oxidative stress during exercises. The level of oxidative stress markers and activity of antioxidant defences in the blood of sport horses can be sensitive and informative parameters for the assessment of equine performance. 

References

Andrijchuk, A.V., Tkachova, I.V., Tkachenko, G.M., Kurgaljuk, N.M., 2012a. Oksidativnyj stress u sportivnyh loshadej pod vlijaniem fizicheskih nagruzok [Oxidative stress in sport horses under the influence of physical activity]. Nauchnoe obespechenie razvitija konevodstva: Mezhdunarodnaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija. Divovo, 93–98 (in Russian).

Andrijchuk, A.V., Tkachova, I.V., Tkachenko, G.M., Kurgaljuk, N.M., Vartovnyk, M.S., 2012b. Markery oksydatyvnogo stresu u konej, shho vykorystovujut’sja u vyi’zdci v dynamici treningu [Markers of oxidative stress in horses used in dressage training in the dynamics]. Pryrodnychyj Al’manah 17, 32–43 (in Ukrainian).

Andrijchuk, A.V., Tkachova, I.V., Tkachenko, G.M., Kurgaljuk, N.M., 2012c. Gematologichni pokaznyky ta prooksydatyvni markery u krovi kobyl arabs’koi’ chystokrovnoi’ ta velykopol’skoi’ porid [Hematological indices and prooksydatyvni markers in blood and purebred Arabian mares velykopolskoyi rocks]. Pryrodnychyj Al’manah 17, 17–31 (in Ukrainian).

Andrijchuk, A.V., Tkachova, I.V., Tkachenko, G.M., Kurgaljuk, N.M., Matjuha, I.O., 2012d. Zminy rezystentnosti erytrocytiv peryferijnoi’ krovi u sportyvnyh konej pid vplyvom fizychnyh navantazhen’ [Changes in resistance of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood sport horse under the influence of physical activity]. Naukovo-Tehnichnyj Bjuleten’ 13(3–4), 93–98 (in Ukrainian).

Antonov, A.V., 2010. Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i antioksidantnaja zashhita u troebornyh loshadej v sorevnovatel’nyj period [Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in triathlon horses in the competition period]. Sel’skohozjajstvennaja Biologija 6, 47–49 (in Russian).

Art, T., Lekeux, P., 2005. Exercise-induced physiological adjustments to stressful conditions in sports horses. Livestock Production Science 92, 101–111. >> doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.013

Chiaradia, E., Avellini, L., Rueca, F., Spaterna, A., Porciello, F., Antonioni, M.T., Gaiti, A., 1998. Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses. Comp. Biochem Physiol. 119B, 833–836. >> doi:10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10001-9

Clemens, M.R., Waller, H.D., 1987. Lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Chem. Phys. Lipids 45, 251–268. >> doi:10.1016/0009-3084(87)90068-5

Deaton, C.M, Marlin, D.J., 2003. Exercise-associated oxidative stress. Clin. Tech. Equine Pract. 2, 278–291. >> doi:10.1053/S1534-7516(03)00070-2

Galaktionova, L.P., Molchanov, A.V., El’chaninova, S.A., Varshavskij, B.J., 1998. Sostojanie perekisnogo okislenija bol’nyh s jazvennoj bolezn’ju zheludka i dvenadcatiperstnoj kishki [State peroxidation in patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer]. Klin. Lab. Diagnostika 6, 10–14 (in Russian).

Glatzle, D., Vuilleumier, J.P., Weber, F., Decker, K., 1974. Glutathione reductase test with whole blood, a convenient procedure for the assessment of the riboflavin status in human. Experientia 30, 665–667. >> doi:10.1007/BF01921531

Glazkov, E.O., Razdajbedin, V.M., 2010. Vplyv kvarcetynu na pokaznyky systemy antyoksydantnogo zahystu organizmu sportsmeniv pry intensyvnomu fizychnomu navantazhenni [Kvartsetyn effect to performance of antioxidant protection of athletes during intense physical load]. Visnyk LNU 24(211), 31–35 (in Ukrainian).

Gondim, F.J., Zoppi, C.C., Silveira, L.R., da-Silva, L.P., de Macedo, D.V., 2009. Possible relationship between performance and oxidative stress in endurance horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 29(4), 206–212. >> doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2009.02.006

Kamyshnikov, V.S., 2004. Spravochnik po Kliniko-Biohimicheskim Issledovanijam i Laboratornoj Diagnostike [Handbook of Clinical and Biochemical Studies and Laboratory Diagnosis]. Moscow, Med-Press-Inform (in Russian).

Kinnunen, S., Atalay, M., Hyppä, S., Lehmuskero, A., Hänninen, O., Oksala, N., 2005. Effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horse. J. Sport Sci. Med. 4, 415–421.

Kirschvink, N., de Moffarts, B., Lekeux, P., 2008. The oxidant / antioxidant equilibrium in horses. Vet. J. 177(2), 178–191. >> doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.033

Kolisnyk, M.I., Kolisnyk, I.V., Nidzjulka, J., Vlizlo, V.V., 2009. Aktyvni formy kysnju ta i’h rol’ u metabolizmi klityn [Reactive oxygen species and their role in the metabolism of cells]. Biologija Tvaryn. 11(1–2), 59–71 (in Ukrainian).

Koroljuk, M.A., Ivanova, L.I., Majorova, I.G., Tokarev, V.E., 1988. Metod opredelenija aktivnosti katalazy [The Method for Determining the Activity of Catalase]. Lab. Delo 1, 16–19 (in Russian).

Kostjuk, V.A., Popovich, A.I., Kovaleva, Zh.I., 1990. Prostoj i chuvstvitel’nyj metod opredelenija superoksiddismutazy, osnovannyj na reakcii okislenija kvercetina [A Simple and Sensitive Method for the Determination of Superoxide Dismutase Based on the Oxidation of Quercetin]. Vopr. Med. Himii 2, 78–91 (in Russian).

Laskov, A.A., 1997. Podgotovka Loshadej k Olimpijskim Vidam Konnogo Sporta [Prepare Horses for Equestrian Olympic Kinds of Sports]. VNII Konevodstva (in Russian).

Levine, R.L., Garland, D., Oliver, C.N., Amici, A., Climent, I., Lenz, A.-G., Ahn, B.-W., Shaltiel, S., Stadtman, E.R., 1990. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Meth. Enzymol. 186, 465–478. >> doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)86141-H

Marlin, D.J., Fenn, K., Smith, N., Deaton, C.D., Roberts, C.A., Harris, P.A., Dunster, C., Kelly, F.G., 2002. Changes in circulatory antioxidant status in horses during prolonged exercise. J. Nutr. 132, 162–167.

Moin, V.M., 1986. Prostoj i specificheskij metod opredelenija aktivnosti glutationperoksidazy v jeritrocitah [A Simple and Specific Method for Determining the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Erythrocytes]. Lab. delo 8, 724–727 (in Russian).

Nerodenko, V.V., 2009. Biologicheskie Osnovy Sportivnoj Trenirovki v Konnom Sporte [Biological Basis of Sports Training in Equestrian Sports]. Cherkassy (in Russian).

Niki, E., 2009. Lipid peroxidation: Physiological levels and dual biological effects. Free Radical Bio. Med. 29, 469–484. >> doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.032

Radak, Z., Young, C.H., Goto, S., 2008. Systematic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. Free Radical Bio. Med. 44, 153–159. >> doi.:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.029

Soares, J.C.M., Zanelal, R., Bondan, C., Alves, L., Lima, M., Motta, A., Zanella, E., 2011. Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma, serum, and erythrocytes of horses before and after a jumping competition. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 31, 357–360. >> doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.017

Tkachenko, H., Andriichuk, A., Kurhalyuk, N., Zalewska, K., Tkachova, I., 2011. Impact of training on blood pro- and anti-oxidant balance of trained horses. Abstracts of International Conference “Horse welfare”, 2011, 3–4 December, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, 33.

Vladimirov, J.A., Archakov, A.I., 1972. Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v biologicheskih membranah [Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Membranes]. Moscow, Nauka (in Russian).

Zar, J.H., 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs

Published
2013-04-09
Section
Articles