Dependence of some physiological indicators of generative and vegetative organs of Sambucus nigra on habitat conditions
Keywords:
water deficiency; water regime; chlorophyll content; optical density; height above sea level; leaf; fruit; black elderberry
Abstract
We carried out studies on water deficiency of Sambucus nigra L. (black elderberry) plant leaves extract and fruit juice, relative turgidity, sucrose content in fruits, chlorophyll content in the leaves, as well as gas exchange rates in the leaves, in particular, the changes in the concentrations of oxygen released during photosynthesis by leaves and carbon dioxide released during leaf respiration depending on habitat conditions (altitude of the habitat, position of slopes, average annual precipitation). Taking into account the difference in climatic conditions and the generality of some indicators, Vanadzor (1326–1600 m above sea level) and Stepanavan (1400–1830 m above sea level) regions of Lori Province, "Dilijan" National Park, Lake Parz, and the forest areas adjacent to the city of Dilijan (1240–1612 m above sea level) in Tavush Province in Armenia were chosen as the research sites. The test samples were taken from eight different test sites in Lori and Tavush provinces. Tavush Province is more humid than Lori Province. The highest rate of water deficiency in the leaves of the studied plants was recorded in S. nigra f. laciniata (L.) Zabel., and the lowest in S. nigra in Vanadzor forest. It can be assumed that the index of water deficiency in the leaves may depend on the position of the slopes of the test sites and the value of the filtration coefficient of the soil types. On the north-facing slope at the height of 1341 m above sea level and on the south-facing slope at the height of 1830 m above sea level, the values of water deficiency of the leaves are almost the same. Such data allows us to assume that the degree of water deficiency in the leaves is also affected by the filtration coefficient of habitat soil types. In two points that have north-facing positions, the water deficiency of leaves at the height of 1341 m above sea level is 2.14 times more than at the height of 1328 m above sea level. At 1328 m above sea level the filtration coefficient is small and the plant absorbs a lot of water. Based on the data we received we obtained rankings of plants according to the different criteria of the experimental plants: water deficiency in leaves tissues, relative turgidity, the sum of chlorophylls in the leaves, the sucrose content in the fruits, percentage of oxygen released as a result of photosynthesis, percentage of carbon dioxide released as a result of respiration. We found a certain dependence between the indicators of the water regime and the height above sea level of the researched habitats. We also found out that the water regime is influenced by certain microclimatic conditions such as the position of the slopes, whether they are north or south facing, as well as the average annual precipitation. Knowing the physiological processes taking place in the vegetative and generative organs of the S. nigra plant is important from the point of view of evaluating the intensity of growth and development of the generative organs. We consider that the results of the study will be applicable in the process of plant selection based on the indicators of the physiological processes taking place in the plant organism.References
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Baghdasaryan, A. B. (1971). Haykakan SSH fizikakan ashkharhagrutyun [Physical geography of the Armenian SSR]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Byers, P. (2005). Elderberry research and production in Missouri. New York Berry News, 4(11), 1–4.
Byers, P., Thomas, A., & Gold, M. (2012). Growing and marketing elderberries in Missouri. In: Agroforestry in Action. University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, Missouri. Pp. 1–12.
Cioch, M., Satora, P., Skotniczny, M., Semik-Szczurak, D., & Tarko, T. (2017). Characterisation of antimicrobial properties of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 66(4), 463–472.
Creydt, M., Vuralhan-Eckert, J., Fromm, J., & Fischer, M. (2019). Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on leaves and berries of black elder (Sambucus nigra) using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and gas exchange measurements. Journal of Plant Physiology, 234–235, 71–79.
Ferreira, S. S., Silva, A. M., & Nunes, F. M. (2020). Sambucus nigra L. fruits and flowers: Chemical composition and related bioactivities. Food Reviews International, 38, 1237–1265.
Gentscheva, G., Milkova-Tomova, I., Nikolova, K., Buhalova, D., Andonova, V., Gugleva, V., Petkova, N., Yotkovska, I., & Ivanova, N. (2022). Antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics of Sambucus nigra L. blossom from different regions in Bulgaria. Horticulturae, 8(4), 309.
Goud, S. N., & Prasad, G. (2020). Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and total phenol and flavonoids analysis of Sambucus nigra (elderberry). International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1), 35–37.
Gritsan, Y. I., Kunakh, O. M., Dubinina, J. J., Kotsun, V. I., & Tkalich, Y. I. (2019). The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the ''Dnipro-Orilsky'' Natural Reserve. Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology, 28(3), 417–431.
Harutyunyan, L. V., & Harutyunyan, A. L. (1986). Hayastani dendrofloran [Dendroflora of Armenia]. Luys, Yerevan. Vol. 2. Pp. 267–269 (in Armenian).
Holoborodko, K. K., Seliutina, O. V., Ivanko, I. A., Alexeyeva, A. A., Shulman, M. V., & Pakhomov, O. Y. (2021). Effect of Cameraria ohridella feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthesis. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(2), 346–352.
Holoborodko, K. K., Sytnyk, S. A., Lovynska, V. M., Ivanko, I. A., Loza, I. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2022a). Impact of invasive species Parectopa robiniella (Gracillariidae) on fluorescence parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 13(3), 324–330.
Holoborodko, K., Seliutina, O., Alexeyeva, A., Brygadyrenko, V., Ivanko, I., Shulman, M., Pakhomov, O., Loza, I., Sytnyk, S., Lovynska, V., Grytsan, Y., & Bandura, L. (2022b). The impact of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the state of Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus in the urban environment. International Journal of Plant Bioogy, 13, 223–234.
Horčinová Sedláčková, V., Grygorieva, O., Vergun, O., Vinogradova, Y., & Brindza, J., (2019). Comparison of selected characteristics of cultivars and wild-growing genotypes of Sambucus nigra in Slovakia. Biosystems Diversity, 27(1), 56–61.
Jagosz, L. B., Rolbiecki, S., Figas, A., Ptach, W., Rolbiecki, R., Stachowski, P., Kasperska-Wołowicz, W., Grybauskiene, V., Klimek, A., & Dobosz, K. (2019). Water needs of Sambucus nigra L. grown in the reclaimed areas in Poland. Folia Horticulturae, 31(2), 269–276.
Kan, T., (2019). Some biochemical characteristics of fruit samples of Sambucus nigra genotypes from Northeastern Turkey. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3), 553–557.
Manasyan, M. G., Grigoryan, A. T., & Yeghyan, G. B. (2003). Loru marz, bnutyun, bnakchutyun, tntesutyun [Lori Province, nature, population, economy]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Mikulic-Petkovsek, M., Ivancic, A., Schmitzer, V., Veberic, R., & Stampar, F. (2016). Comparison of major taste compounds and antioxidative properties of fruits and flowers of different Sambucus species and interspecific hybrids. Food Chemistry, 200, 134–140.
Mkrtchyan, R. S., & Hayrapetyan, F. P. (2008). Hayastani bnutyan oratsuyts [Nature calendar of Armenia]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., & Łysiak, P. G. (2018). Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Functional Foods, 40, 377–390.
Mratinić, E., & Fotirić, M. (2007). Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food. Genetika, 39(3), 305–314.
Rodino, S., Butu, A., Butu, M., & Cornea, P. C. (2015). Comparative studies on antibacterial activity of licorice, elderberry and dandelion. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 10(3), 947–955.
Rolbiecki, S., Rolbiecki, R., Jagosz, B., Ptach, W., & Figas, A. (2018). Water needs of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) in first three years of growing in different regions of Poland. In: 17th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”. Latvia. Pp. 733–737.
Senica, M., Stampar, F., Veberic, R., & Mikulic-Petkovsek, M. (2016). The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(8), 2623–2632.
Shupranova, L. V., Holoborodko, K. K., Guslistiy, A. O., Shulman, M. V., & Pakhomov, O. E. (2021). Peroxidase activity and isoenzyme composition in Robinia pseudoacacia L. leaves under the influence of Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863. Agrology, 4(4), 174–179.
Tőkei, L., Dunkel, Z., & Jung, A. (2005). A new method for determining water uptake in elderberry plantation. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 30(1–3), 245–248.
Torosyan, A. A. (1983). Hayastani deghabuyser [Medical plants of Armenia]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. H. (2005). Tsaragitutyun [Dendrology]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., & Hovhannisyan, A. I. (2017). Sambucus nigra L. tesaki jrayin rezhimi arandznahatkutyunner Gugarqi taratsashrjanum [Features of water regime of Sambucus nigra L. in Gugark region]. Scientific Proceedings of Vanadzor State University, B, 57–64 (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., Bairamyan, L. Y., Sahakyan, G. R., & Mkhitaryan, H. K. (2022). Biometricheskie pokazateli organov rasteniya Sambucus nigra L. v zavisimosti ot usloviy proizrastaniya [Biometric indicators of the organs of Sambucus nigra L. depending on growth conditions]. Sciences of Europe, 91(1), 7–11 (in Russian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., Hovhannisyan, A. I., & Mirzoyan, Y. S. (2016). Qlorofili parunakutyan voroshum Sambucus nigra L. ev Rumex acetosa L. tesakneri terevnerum [Determination of chlorophyll content in leaves of Sambucus nigra L. and Rumex acetosa L.]. Scientific Proceedings of Vanadzor State University, B, 97–104 (in Armenian).
Veberic, R., Jakopic, J., Stampar, F., & Schmitzer, V. (2009). European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) rich in sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and selected polyphenols. Food Chemistry, 114(2), 511–515.
Vorobyov, V. N., Nevmerzhitskaya, Y. Y., Khusnetdinova, L. Z., & Yakushenkova, T. P. (2013). Praktikum po fiziologii rastenij [Workshop on plant physiology]. Kazan’ University, Kazan’ (in Russian).
Yahudin, R. R., & Karomatov, I. J. (2016). Lekarstvenniye travy buzina chernaya, buzina travyanistaya [Medicinal plants Sambucus nigra L., Sambucus ebulus L.]. Biology and Integrative Medicine, 4, 36–44 (in Russian).
Yedoyan, R. H., & Vardanyan, Z. S. (2006). Buyseri fiziologiayi laborator ashkhatanqneri dzernark [Manual of laboratory works of plant physiology]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Baghdasaryan, A. B. (1971). Haykakan SSH fizikakan ashkharhagrutyun [Physical geography of the Armenian SSR]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Byers, P. (2005). Elderberry research and production in Missouri. New York Berry News, 4(11), 1–4.
Byers, P., Thomas, A., & Gold, M. (2012). Growing and marketing elderberries in Missouri. In: Agroforestry in Action. University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, Missouri. Pp. 1–12.
Cioch, M., Satora, P., Skotniczny, M., Semik-Szczurak, D., & Tarko, T. (2017). Characterisation of antimicrobial properties of extracts of selected medicinal plants. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 66(4), 463–472.
Creydt, M., Vuralhan-Eckert, J., Fromm, J., & Fischer, M. (2019). Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on leaves and berries of black elder (Sambucus nigra) using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and gas exchange measurements. Journal of Plant Physiology, 234–235, 71–79.
Ferreira, S. S., Silva, A. M., & Nunes, F. M. (2020). Sambucus nigra L. fruits and flowers: Chemical composition and related bioactivities. Food Reviews International, 38, 1237–1265.
Gentscheva, G., Milkova-Tomova, I., Nikolova, K., Buhalova, D., Andonova, V., Gugleva, V., Petkova, N., Yotkovska, I., & Ivanova, N. (2022). Antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics of Sambucus nigra L. blossom from different regions in Bulgaria. Horticulturae, 8(4), 309.
Goud, S. N., & Prasad, G. (2020). Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and total phenol and flavonoids analysis of Sambucus nigra (elderberry). International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1), 35–37.
Gritsan, Y. I., Kunakh, O. M., Dubinina, J. J., Kotsun, V. I., & Tkalich, Y. I. (2019). The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the ''Dnipro-Orilsky'' Natural Reserve. Journal of Geology Geography and Geoecology, 28(3), 417–431.
Harutyunyan, L. V., & Harutyunyan, A. L. (1986). Hayastani dendrofloran [Dendroflora of Armenia]. Luys, Yerevan. Vol. 2. Pp. 267–269 (in Armenian).
Holoborodko, K. K., Seliutina, O. V., Ivanko, I. A., Alexeyeva, A. A., Shulman, M. V., & Pakhomov, O. Y. (2021). Effect of Cameraria ohridella feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthesis. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(2), 346–352.
Holoborodko, K. K., Sytnyk, S. A., Lovynska, V. M., Ivanko, I. A., Loza, I. M., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2022a). Impact of invasive species Parectopa robiniella (Gracillariidae) on fluorescence parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 13(3), 324–330.
Holoborodko, K., Seliutina, O., Alexeyeva, A., Brygadyrenko, V., Ivanko, I., Shulman, M., Pakhomov, O., Loza, I., Sytnyk, S., Lovynska, V., Grytsan, Y., & Bandura, L. (2022b). The impact of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the state of Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus in the urban environment. International Journal of Plant Bioogy, 13, 223–234.
Horčinová Sedláčková, V., Grygorieva, O., Vergun, O., Vinogradova, Y., & Brindza, J., (2019). Comparison of selected characteristics of cultivars and wild-growing genotypes of Sambucus nigra in Slovakia. Biosystems Diversity, 27(1), 56–61.
Jagosz, L. B., Rolbiecki, S., Figas, A., Ptach, W., Rolbiecki, R., Stachowski, P., Kasperska-Wołowicz, W., Grybauskiene, V., Klimek, A., & Dobosz, K. (2019). Water needs of Sambucus nigra L. grown in the reclaimed areas in Poland. Folia Horticulturae, 31(2), 269–276.
Kan, T., (2019). Some biochemical characteristics of fruit samples of Sambucus nigra genotypes from Northeastern Turkey. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3), 553–557.
Manasyan, M. G., Grigoryan, A. T., & Yeghyan, G. B. (2003). Loru marz, bnutyun, bnakchutyun, tntesutyun [Lori Province, nature, population, economy]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Mikulic-Petkovsek, M., Ivancic, A., Schmitzer, V., Veberic, R., & Stampar, F. (2016). Comparison of major taste compounds and antioxidative properties of fruits and flowers of different Sambucus species and interspecific hybrids. Food Chemistry, 200, 134–140.
Mkrtchyan, R. S., & Hayrapetyan, F. P. (2008). Hayastani bnutyan oratsuyts [Nature calendar of Armenia]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., & Łysiak, P. G. (2018). Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Functional Foods, 40, 377–390.
Mratinić, E., & Fotirić, M. (2007). Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food. Genetika, 39(3), 305–314.
Rodino, S., Butu, A., Butu, M., & Cornea, P. C. (2015). Comparative studies on antibacterial activity of licorice, elderberry and dandelion. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 10(3), 947–955.
Rolbiecki, S., Rolbiecki, R., Jagosz, B., Ptach, W., & Figas, A. (2018). Water needs of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) in first three years of growing in different regions of Poland. In: 17th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development”. Latvia. Pp. 733–737.
Senica, M., Stampar, F., Veberic, R., & Mikulic-Petkovsek, M. (2016). The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(8), 2623–2632.
Shupranova, L. V., Holoborodko, K. K., Guslistiy, A. O., Shulman, M. V., & Pakhomov, O. E. (2021). Peroxidase activity and isoenzyme composition in Robinia pseudoacacia L. leaves under the influence of Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863. Agrology, 4(4), 174–179.
Tőkei, L., Dunkel, Z., & Jung, A. (2005). A new method for determining water uptake in elderberry plantation. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 30(1–3), 245–248.
Torosyan, A. A. (1983). Hayastani deghabuyser [Medical plants of Armenia]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. H. (2005). Tsaragitutyun [Dendrology]. Akademija Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Yerevan (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., & Hovhannisyan, A. I. (2017). Sambucus nigra L. tesaki jrayin rezhimi arandznahatkutyunner Gugarqi taratsashrjanum [Features of water regime of Sambucus nigra L. in Gugark region]. Scientific Proceedings of Vanadzor State University, B, 57–64 (in Armenian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., Bairamyan, L. Y., Sahakyan, G. R., & Mkhitaryan, H. K. (2022). Biometricheskie pokazateli organov rasteniya Sambucus nigra L. v zavisimosti ot usloviy proizrastaniya [Biometric indicators of the organs of Sambucus nigra L. depending on growth conditions]. Sciences of Europe, 91(1), 7–11 (in Russian).
Vardanyan, Z. S., Hovhannisyan, A. I., & Mirzoyan, Y. S. (2016). Qlorofili parunakutyan voroshum Sambucus nigra L. ev Rumex acetosa L. tesakneri terevnerum [Determination of chlorophyll content in leaves of Sambucus nigra L. and Rumex acetosa L.]. Scientific Proceedings of Vanadzor State University, B, 97–104 (in Armenian).
Veberic, R., Jakopic, J., Stampar, F., & Schmitzer, V. (2009). European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) rich in sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and selected polyphenols. Food Chemistry, 114(2), 511–515.
Vorobyov, V. N., Nevmerzhitskaya, Y. Y., Khusnetdinova, L. Z., & Yakushenkova, T. P. (2013). Praktikum po fiziologii rastenij [Workshop on plant physiology]. Kazan’ University, Kazan’ (in Russian).
Yahudin, R. R., & Karomatov, I. J. (2016). Lekarstvenniye travy buzina chernaya, buzina travyanistaya [Medicinal plants Sambucus nigra L., Sambucus ebulus L.]. Biology and Integrative Medicine, 4, 36–44 (in Russian).
Yedoyan, R. H., & Vardanyan, Z. S. (2006). Buyseri fiziologiayi laborator ashkhatanqneri dzernark [Manual of laboratory works of plant physiology]. Yerevan State University Publishing House, Yerevan (in Armenian).
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