First records of echinoderm species in the checklist of the Algerian coast (Mediterranean Sea), found off Paloma Island
Keywords:
Plane Island; Algerian basin; endangered species; indigenous species; pencil urchin.
Abstract
The study of echinoderms in the Mediterranean region has generated considerable interest and has led to significant advancements in systematic research. Numerous species have been identified, with 35% of them belonging to the Holothuroidea class. This paper provides pertinent information on the echinoderm fauna of the Algerian coast, specifically focusing on the sampling conducted at Plane Island in western Algeria. Additionally, it includes an updated account of previously recorded species. The recent research findings consist of a total of 288 specimens: 284 ophiuroids and 4 echinoids. The research provides a comprehensive list of all the species identified. Additional species have been discovered at Paloma (Plane) Island. Several of these species have not previously been recorded on the Algerian coastline, such as the pencil urchin Stylocidaris affinis. A map of its distribution has been created to monitor its establishment in the Mediterranean. Our findings show that S. affinis is more abundant in shallow waters ranging from 50 to 150 m. A total of 70 species were documented along the Algerian coast, with the majority belonging to the classes Holothuroidea and Ophiuroidea. The class Crinoidea, however, only counts three species: Antedon bifida moroccana, A. mediterranea, and Leptometra celtica. The majority of species (65.2%) have a distribution that spans the region of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Approximately 33% of species are potentially exclusive to the Mediterranean region, and only one species (1%) is found worldwide. Three echinoderms are now indexed as endangered or threatened in Barcelona’s Appendix II. Moreover, to provide a comprehensive understanding, this study compares the fauna of the Algerian coast with that of adjacent seas.References
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Belkhedim, L., Dermeche, S., Chahrour, F., & Boutiba, Z. (2014). Physiological indices and reproduction in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Echinodermata Echinoidae in the west coast of Algeria. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 18(2), 173.
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Benzait, H., Khodja, I., Soualili, D. L., & Mezali, K. (2020). Note on Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) from the Sidi-Medjdoub area of Mostaganem, Algeria. SPC Bêche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 40, 43–45.
Boudouresque, C. F. (2004). Marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean: Status of species, populations and communities. Travaux scientifiques du Parc national de Port-Cros, 20, 97–146.
Boukhelf, K., Dermeche, S., Chahrour, F., & Bouderbela, M. (2019). Comparative study of the metallic contamination assessment of a Paracentrotus lividus (Imck, 1816) macrobenthic community in Algerian west coast. Global Journal of Fisheries Science, 1(2), 15–25.
Boumediene, H., & Djillali, B. (2014). First observations of the macrozoobenthos biodiversity of Oran coastal area, Algeria. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(1), 625–637.
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El Lakhrach, H., Hattour, A., Jarboui, O., Elhasni, K., & Ramos-Esplá, A. (2012). Spatial distribution and abundance of the megabenthic fauna community in Gabes gulf (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 13(1), 12–29.
Elakkermi, M., & Soualili, D. L. (2020). Temporal and spatial variability in the feeding behavior of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the north-western Algerian coast. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 10(6), 480–490.
Fiorentino, F., Garofalo, G., Gristina, M., Gancitano, S., & Norrito, G. (2004). Some relevant information on the spatial distribution of demersal resources, benthic biocoenoses and fishing pressure in the Strait of Sicily. Report of the MedSudMed Expert Consultation on Spatial Distribution of Demersal Resources in the Straits of Sicily and the Influence of Environmental Factors and Fishery Characteristics. MedSudMed Technical Documents, 2, 50–66.
Fischer, W. (1987). FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purposes. Rev. 1. Mediterranean and Black Sea. Fishing Area 37. Vertebrates. Vol. 2.
Gautier-Michaz, M. (1958). Scientific results of Calypso's campaigns. VII. Studies on the Siculo-Tunisian sill. 5. Echinoderms. Annales Institut Océanographique, Monaco, 34, 145–155.
Grimes, S. (2010). Benthic communities on the soft substrates of the Algerian coast: Taxonomy, structure and ecological status. PhD thesis. University of Oran.
Grimes, S., Benabdi, M., Babali, N., Refes, W., Boudjellal-Kaidi, N., & Seridi, H. (2018). Biodiversity changes along the Algerian coast (Southwest Mediterranean basin): From 1834 to 2017: A first assessment of introduced species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19(1), 156–179.
Grimes, S., Boutiba, Z., Bakalem, A., Bouderbala, M., Boudjellal, B., Boumaza, S., Boutiba, M., Guedioura, A., Hafferssas, A., Hemida, F., Kaïdi, N., & Kerzabi, F. (2004). Algerian marine and coastal biodiversity. Project Sonatrach/LRSE. Sonatrach.
Gros, P. (2011). Chapitre 5. Ecosystèmes marins [Chapter 5. Marine ecosystems]. In: Connaissance des impacts du changement climatique sur la biodiversité en France métropolitaine – synthèse de la bibliographie [Knowledge of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in mainland France]. MEDDTL.
Harmelin, J. G., & Ruitton, S. (2010). The thermophilic Asteroidea Ophidiaster ophidianus on the NW Mediterranean coasts: Evidence of frequency increase. Scientific Reports of the Port-Cros National Park, 24, 127–137.
Hussein, K. B., & Bensahla Talet, L. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane” Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, North Western Algeria (Western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 25(1), 49–72.
Kaidi-Boudjellal, N. (2012). Influence of a wetland on the characteristics of a benthic ecosystem on the Algerian coast: Lake Réghaia (Eastern Algeria). Magister thesis. University Djillali Liabes.
Kaspiris, P., & Tortonese, E. (1982). Echinoderms from the Western Seas of Greece. Thalassographica, 5, 27–32.
Khodja, I., Mezali, K., & Thandar, A. S. (2021). Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast. Zootaxa, 5032(4), 549–562.
Koehler, R. (1921). Fauna of France. 1. Echinoderms. Paris. Faculty of Science Bookshop.
Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S., & Kitsos, M. S. (2007). The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67–92.
Le Gall, P., Bucaille, D., & Grassin, J. B. (2020). Influence de la température sur la croissance de deux oursins comestibles, Paracentrotus lividus et Psammechinus miliaris. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.). Echinoderm research. CRC Press, London. Pp. 183–188.
Leonard, C., Evans, J., Knittweis, L., Aguilar, R., Alvarez, H., Borg, J. A., Garcia, S., & Schembri, P. J. (2020). Diversity, distribution, and habitat associations of deep-water echinoderms in the Central Mediterranean. Marine Biodiversity, 50(5), 69.
Mansouri, T., & Mezali, K. (2018). Taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of some Algerian shallow-water sea cucumber species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) deduced from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Bioinformatics and Data Analysis Workshop. 12–13 March 2018. Tangier, Morocco.
Mastrototaro, F., Montesanto, F., Tursi, A., Aguilar, R., & Chimienti, G. (2021). Biometry supporting species identification from underwater images in two Mediterranean sea urchins. In: 2021 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea. Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). Pp. 91–94.
Mezali, K. (2011). Some insights on the phylogeny of Algerian shallow-water sea cucumber species (Aspidochirotida). S.P.C. Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 31, 45–47.
Mezali, K., Chekaba, B., Zupo, V., & Asslah, B. (2003). Feeding behavior of five aspidochirotid holothurians species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) of the Sidi-Fredj peninsula – Algeria. Bulletin of the French Zoological Society, 128, 49–62.
Mezali, K., Thandar, A., & Khodja, I. (2020). Paraleptopentacta, a new Mediterranean and north-west Atlantic sea cucumber genus, with the first record of P. tergestina n. comb. (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the north-western Algerian coast. Zootaxa, 4860(2), 3.
Mezali, K., Zerroual, H., Lebouazda, Z., & Khodja, I. (2024). On the presence of Ocnus planci Brandt, 1935 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mostaganem region (Western Algerian coast). Zootaxa, 5403(4), 479–487.
Mezali, K., Zupo, V., & Francour, P. (2006). Population dynamics of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa and Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli of an Algerian Posidonia oceanica meadow. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 13, 158–161.
Mifsud, C., Taviani, M., & Stohr, S. (2009). Remarks on Echinodermata from the South Central Mediterranean Sea based upon collections made during the MARCOS cruise (10 to 20th April, 2007). Mediterranean Marine Science, 10(2), 63–72.
Öztoprak, B., Doğan, A., & Dağli, E. (2014). Checklist of Echinodermata from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 892–900.
Pawson, N. (2007). Phylum Echinodermata. Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766.
Pérès, J. M., & Picard, J. (1958). Research on benthic communities in the North-Eastern Mediterranean. Annals of the Oceanographic Institute, 34, 213–281.
Perrier, R. (1971). The fauna of France illustrated. 1A (Coelenterates, Sponges, Echinoderms, Protozoa). France.
Riedl, R. (2005). Fauna e flora del mediterraneo. Ed. Franco Muzzio.
Rinelli, P. (1998). A synthesis of the Echinoderm fauna of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rapports et procès-verbaux des réunions Commission internationale pour l'exploration scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 35, 484.
Rodriguez, J. (2020). Echinoderms (except Holothuroidea) of the Southern Mediterranean coast of Spain. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.). Echinoderms: Present and past. CRC Press, London. Pp. 127–131.
Sibuet, M. (1974). Echinoderms of the Alboran Sea. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History, 3(231), 25–34.
Soualili, D. L. (2008). Natural sea urchin populations: A tool for assessing the state of health in the Algiers region. Doctorat Dissertation. USTHB University.
Tamacha Slimane, F., Soualili, D. L., & Mezali, K. (2019). Reproductive biology of Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from Oran Bay, Algeria. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 39, 47–53.
Terribile, K., & Schembri, P. J. (2013). Depth distribution of Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Stylocidaris affinis (Philippi, 1845) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) around the Maltese Islands. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions Commission Internationale Pour L'exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 40, 697.
Tortonese, E. (1946). Echinoderms from the Eastern Mediterranean (Island of Rhodes). The Annali and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 716–719.
Tortonese, E. (1947). Note inforno alla fauna e flora marine dell’isola di Rodi (Mara Egeo). Bolletino di Pesca, Piscicolturae Idrobiologia (Note e Memorie Scientifiche), 2, 13–20.
Tortonese, E. (1965). Echinodermata. In: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 6. Pp. 1–419.
Bakalem, A. (2008). Contribution to the study of benthic communities on the Algerian continental shelf. PhD thesis. USTHB.
Belbachir, N., Mezali, K., & Soualili, D. L. (2014). Selective feeding behaviour in some aspidochirotid holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) at Stidia, Mostaganem Province, Algeria. SPC Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 34, 34–37.
Belkhedim, L. (2009). Contribution to the study of the biology of the regular sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmck, 1816) at the Oran harbour and Ain Franin. Magister's thesis. Oran University.
Belkhedim, L., Dermeche, S., Chahrour, F., & Boutiba, Z. (2014). Physiological indices and reproduction in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Echinodermata Echinoidae in the west coast of Algeria. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 18(2), 173.
Benzait, H. (2015). Contribution to the evaluation of echinoderm biodiversity in the Mostaganem coastal region. Doctoral dissertation. University of Mostaganem-Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Algeria.
Benzait, H., Khodja, I., Soualili, D. L., & Mezali, K. (2020). Note on Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) from the Sidi-Medjdoub area of Mostaganem, Algeria. SPC Bêche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 40, 43–45.
Boudouresque, C. F. (2004). Marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean: Status of species, populations and communities. Travaux scientifiques du Parc national de Port-Cros, 20, 97–146.
Boukhelf, K., Dermeche, S., Chahrour, F., & Bouderbela, M. (2019). Comparative study of the metallic contamination assessment of a Paracentrotus lividus (Imck, 1816) macrobenthic community in Algerian west coast. Global Journal of Fisheries Science, 1(2), 15–25.
Boumediene, H., & Djillali, B. (2014). First observations of the macrozoobenthos biodiversity of Oran coastal area, Algeria. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(1), 625–637.
Chammem, H., Souissi, J. B., & Pérez-Ruzafa, A. (2019). Checklist with first records for the echinoderms of Northern Tunisia (Central Mediterranean Sea). Scientia marina, 83, 277–288.
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Ben Rais Lasram, F., Aguzzi, J., ... & Voultsiadou, E. (2010). The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, patterns, and threats. PloS One, 5(8), e11842.
Dermeche, S. (2010). Physiological indices, heavy metals and bioassays in the common sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmck, 1816) from the Oranese coast. PhD thesis. University of Oran.
Despalatović, M., Cvitković, I., & Žuljević, A. (2017). Checklist of the echinoderm fauna of the Adriatic Sea. Zootaxa, 4353(1), 101–116.
Dieuzeide, R. (1933, 1935). The regular echinoids of the Bay of Castiglione. Bull. St. Aquic. Pêche Castiglione, 2, 75–81.
Edwards, M., & Richardson, A. J. (2004). Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature, 430(7002), 881–884.
El Lakhrach, H., Hattour, A., Jarboui, O., Elhasni, K., & Ramos-Esplá, A. (2012). Spatial distribution and abundance of the megabenthic fauna community in Gabes gulf (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 13(1), 12–29.
Elakkermi, M., & Soualili, D. L. (2020). Temporal and spatial variability in the feeding behavior of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the north-western Algerian coast. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 10(6), 480–490.
Fiorentino, F., Garofalo, G., Gristina, M., Gancitano, S., & Norrito, G. (2004). Some relevant information on the spatial distribution of demersal resources, benthic biocoenoses and fishing pressure in the Strait of Sicily. Report of the MedSudMed Expert Consultation on Spatial Distribution of Demersal Resources in the Straits of Sicily and the Influence of Environmental Factors and Fishery Characteristics. MedSudMed Technical Documents, 2, 50–66.
Fischer, W. (1987). FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purposes. Rev. 1. Mediterranean and Black Sea. Fishing Area 37. Vertebrates. Vol. 2.
Gautier-Michaz, M. (1958). Scientific results of Calypso's campaigns. VII. Studies on the Siculo-Tunisian sill. 5. Echinoderms. Annales Institut Océanographique, Monaco, 34, 145–155.
Grimes, S. (2010). Benthic communities on the soft substrates of the Algerian coast: Taxonomy, structure and ecological status. PhD thesis. University of Oran.
Grimes, S., Benabdi, M., Babali, N., Refes, W., Boudjellal-Kaidi, N., & Seridi, H. (2018). Biodiversity changes along the Algerian coast (Southwest Mediterranean basin): From 1834 to 2017: A first assessment of introduced species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19(1), 156–179.
Grimes, S., Boutiba, Z., Bakalem, A., Bouderbala, M., Boudjellal, B., Boumaza, S., Boutiba, M., Guedioura, A., Hafferssas, A., Hemida, F., Kaïdi, N., & Kerzabi, F. (2004). Algerian marine and coastal biodiversity. Project Sonatrach/LRSE. Sonatrach.
Gros, P. (2011). Chapitre 5. Ecosystèmes marins [Chapter 5. Marine ecosystems]. In: Connaissance des impacts du changement climatique sur la biodiversité en France métropolitaine – synthèse de la bibliographie [Knowledge of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in mainland France]. MEDDTL.
Harmelin, J. G., & Ruitton, S. (2010). The thermophilic Asteroidea Ophidiaster ophidianus on the NW Mediterranean coasts: Evidence of frequency increase. Scientific Reports of the Port-Cros National Park, 24, 127–137.
Hussein, K. B., & Bensahla Talet, L. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane” Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, North Western Algeria (Western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 25(1), 49–72.
Kaidi-Boudjellal, N. (2012). Influence of a wetland on the characteristics of a benthic ecosystem on the Algerian coast: Lake Réghaia (Eastern Algeria). Magister thesis. University Djillali Liabes.
Kaspiris, P., & Tortonese, E. (1982). Echinoderms from the Western Seas of Greece. Thalassographica, 5, 27–32.
Khodja, I., Mezali, K., & Thandar, A. S. (2021). Multiple records and polymorphism of Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) along the Algerian coast. Zootaxa, 5032(4), 549–562.
Koehler, R. (1921). Fauna of France. 1. Echinoderms. Paris. Faculty of Science Bookshop.
Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S., & Kitsos, M. S. (2007). The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67–92.
Le Gall, P., Bucaille, D., & Grassin, J. B. (2020). Influence de la température sur la croissance de deux oursins comestibles, Paracentrotus lividus et Psammechinus miliaris. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.). Echinoderm research. CRC Press, London. Pp. 183–188.
Leonard, C., Evans, J., Knittweis, L., Aguilar, R., Alvarez, H., Borg, J. A., Garcia, S., & Schembri, P. J. (2020). Diversity, distribution, and habitat associations of deep-water echinoderms in the Central Mediterranean. Marine Biodiversity, 50(5), 69.
Mansouri, T., & Mezali, K. (2018). Taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of some Algerian shallow-water sea cucumber species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) deduced from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Bioinformatics and Data Analysis Workshop. 12–13 March 2018. Tangier, Morocco.
Mastrototaro, F., Montesanto, F., Tursi, A., Aguilar, R., & Chimienti, G. (2021). Biometry supporting species identification from underwater images in two Mediterranean sea urchins. In: 2021 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea. Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). Pp. 91–94.
Mezali, K. (2011). Some insights on the phylogeny of Algerian shallow-water sea cucumber species (Aspidochirotida). S.P.C. Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 31, 45–47.
Mezali, K., Chekaba, B., Zupo, V., & Asslah, B. (2003). Feeding behavior of five aspidochirotid holothurians species (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) of the Sidi-Fredj peninsula – Algeria. Bulletin of the French Zoological Society, 128, 49–62.
Mezali, K., Thandar, A., & Khodja, I. (2020). Paraleptopentacta, a new Mediterranean and north-west Atlantic sea cucumber genus, with the first record of P. tergestina n. comb. (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from the north-western Algerian coast. Zootaxa, 4860(2), 3.
Mezali, K., Zerroual, H., Lebouazda, Z., & Khodja, I. (2024). On the presence of Ocnus planci Brandt, 1935 (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mostaganem region (Western Algerian coast). Zootaxa, 5403(4), 479–487.
Mezali, K., Zupo, V., & Francour, P. (2006). Population dynamics of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa and Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli of an Algerian Posidonia oceanica meadow. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 13, 158–161.
Mifsud, C., Taviani, M., & Stohr, S. (2009). Remarks on Echinodermata from the South Central Mediterranean Sea based upon collections made during the MARCOS cruise (10 to 20th April, 2007). Mediterranean Marine Science, 10(2), 63–72.
Öztoprak, B., Doğan, A., & Dağli, E. (2014). Checklist of Echinodermata from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 892–900.
Pawson, N. (2007). Phylum Echinodermata. Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766.
Pérès, J. M., & Picard, J. (1958). Research on benthic communities in the North-Eastern Mediterranean. Annals of the Oceanographic Institute, 34, 213–281.
Perrier, R. (1971). The fauna of France illustrated. 1A (Coelenterates, Sponges, Echinoderms, Protozoa). France.
Riedl, R. (2005). Fauna e flora del mediterraneo. Ed. Franco Muzzio.
Rinelli, P. (1998). A synthesis of the Echinoderm fauna of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rapports et procès-verbaux des réunions Commission internationale pour l'exploration scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 35, 484.
Rodriguez, J. (2020). Echinoderms (except Holothuroidea) of the Southern Mediterranean coast of Spain. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.). Echinoderms: Present and past. CRC Press, London. Pp. 127–131.
Sibuet, M. (1974). Echinoderms of the Alboran Sea. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History, 3(231), 25–34.
Soualili, D. L. (2008). Natural sea urchin populations: A tool for assessing the state of health in the Algiers region. Doctorat Dissertation. USTHB University.
Tamacha Slimane, F., Soualili, D. L., & Mezali, K. (2019). Reproductive biology of Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from Oran Bay, Algeria. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 39, 47–53.
Terribile, K., & Schembri, P. J. (2013). Depth distribution of Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Stylocidaris affinis (Philippi, 1845) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) around the Maltese Islands. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions Commission Internationale Pour L'exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée, 40, 697.
Tortonese, E. (1946). Echinoderms from the Eastern Mediterranean (Island of Rhodes). The Annali and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 716–719.
Tortonese, E. (1947). Note inforno alla fauna e flora marine dell’isola di Rodi (Mara Egeo). Bolletino di Pesca, Piscicolturae Idrobiologia (Note e Memorie Scientifiche), 2, 13–20.
Tortonese, E. (1965). Echinodermata. In: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. 6. Pp. 1–419.
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