Morphological and molecular identification of Nematodirus species (Nematoda, Molineidae) from domestic ruminants in Uzbekistan
Abstract
The species composition and distribution of the genus Nematodirus ha ve not been studied in Uzbekistan for a long time , even though nematodes are widespread in the digestive tract of domestic and wild ruminants and are one of the main components of the Molineidae fauna . The article presents the results of a study on the morphometric and molecular analysis of the genus Nematodirus Ransom, 1907 , nematode s of the digestive system of ruminant ungulates living in the territory of Uzbeki s tan. In the study, the species of Nematodirus identified from domestic sheep and goats can mainly be distinguished by the shape of the male spicules and the structure of the bursa. Nematodirus abnormalis can be distinguished from other species because the tip of the spicule is slightly curved and covered with an asymmetrical lanceolate membrane, N. oiratianus has a fused tip and a thin tube-like shape, and N. spathiger has a slightly curved distal tip of the spicule. Furthermore, based on the nucleotide sequence results of the rDNA ITS-2 region, the N. abnormalis samples studied were found to match Nematodirus sp. in the GenBank database, while the N. oiratianus and N. spathiger samples were 98 – 99% similar to the respective species. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS-2 nucleotide sequences revealed that N. oiratianus and N. abnormalis are closely related and sister species and N. spathiger and N. helvetianus are also phylogenetically close. The species N. abnormalis w as deposited for the first time in the GenBank database.References
Alejandro, H. Z., Gastón, V. J., Flery, F. S., & Carlos, O. A. (2017). First record of Nematodirus helvetianus May, 1920 (Nematoda: Molineidae) in cattle from Southern Chile. Neotropical Helminthology, 11(1), 17–23.
Alhaboubi, A. R., Fadhil, A. I., & Feidhel, S. R. (2021). Prevalence and molecular identification of Nematodirus helvetianus in camels in Iraq, Veterinary World, 14(5), 1299–1302.
Anderson, R. C. (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission. 2nd ed. CAB Publishing, London.
Audebert, F., Durette-Desset, M. C., & Chilton, N. B. (2000). Internal transcribed spacer rDNA can be used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of species within the genus Nematodirus (Nematoda: Molineoidea). International Journal for Parasitology, 30(2), 187–191.
Biocca, E., Balbo, T., & Constantini, R. (1982). Su due nuove specie del genere Nematodirus parassiti di stambecchi e camosci: Nematodirus ibicis sp. n. e Nematodirus rupicaprae sp. n. Parassitologia, 24(2–3), 129–138.
Biocca, E., Balbo, T., & Costantini, R. (1974). Nematodirus davtiani alpinus subsp. n. gastro-intestinal nematode from steinibock, Capra ibex, and chamois, Rupicarpa rupicapra, of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, Italian Western Alps. Parasitologia, 16, 57–60.
Gasser, R. B., Chilton, N. B., Hoste, H., & Beveridge, I. (1993). Rapid sequencing of rDNA from single worms and eggs of parasitic helminths. Nucleic Acids Research, 21(10), 2525–2526.
Gasser, R. B., Rossi, L., & Zhu, H. (1999). Identification of Nematodirus species (Nematoda: Molineidae) from wild ruminants in Italy using ribosomal DNA markers. International Journal for Parasitology, 29(11), 1809–1817.
Hoberg, E. P., Lichtenfels, J. R., & Rickard, L. G. (2005). Phylogeny for genera of Nematodirinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina). Journal Parasitology, 91(2), 382–389.
Ivashkin, V. M., Oripov, A. O., & Sonin, M. D. (1989). Opredelitel gelmintov melkogo rogatogo skota [Identification key to the helminths of small ruminants]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
Khrustalev, A. V. (2011). Vidovoy sostav roda Nematodirus fauny Rossii i sopredel’nykh territoriy [Species composition of the genus Nematodirus in the fauna of Russia and adjacent territories]. Teoriya i Praktika Bor’by s Parazitarnymi Bolezniami, 12, 539–549 (in Russian).
Khrustalev, A. V. (2012). Nematodirus skrjabini vs N. tarandi: Samostoyatel’nye vidy ili sinonimy? [Nematodirus skrjabini vs N. tarandi: Separate species or synonyms?] Teoriya i Praktika Bor’by s Parazitarnymi Boleznyami, 13, 440–443 (in Russian).
Kuchboev, A. E., Krücken, J., Ruziev, B. H., & Von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and diagnosis of species of the family Protostrongylidae from caprine hosts in Uzbekistan. Parasitology Research, 114(4), 1355–1364.
Kuchboev, A., Sobirova, K., Amirov, O., Karimova, R., Samson-Himmelstjerna, G., & Krucken, J. (2020). Molecular analysis of polymorphic species of the genus Marshallagia (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae). Parasites and Vectors, 13, 411.
Kuchboev, A. E., & Krücken, J. (2022). Prevalence, infection intensity and molecular diagnosis of mixed infections with Metastrongylus spp. (Metastrongylidae) in wild boars in Uzbekistan. Pathogens, 11(11), 1316.
Lichtenfels, J. R., & Pilitt, P. A. (1983). Cuticular ridge patterns of Nematodirus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) parasitic in domestic ruminants of North America, with a key to species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 50(2), 261–274.
Liu, Y., Wang, P., Wang, R., Li, J., Zhai, B., Luo, X., & Yang, X. (2023). An epidemiological investigation and drug-resistant strain isolation of Nematodirus oiratianus in sheep in Inner Mongolia, China. Animals, 13(1), 30.
Louw, J. P. (1989). Nematodirus abnormalis (May, 1920) in sheep in the south-western part of the Cape Province. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 56, 141–142.
Melnychuk, V., Yevstafieva, V., Pishchalenko, M., Reshetylo, O., & Antipov, A. (2021). Morphological identification of Nematodirus spathiger nematodes (Nematoda, Molineidae) obtained from the small intestine of sheep. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(1), 121–127.
Mirzaev, U., Kuchboev, A., Mavlyanov, O., Amirov, O., & Narzullayev, S. B. (2024). Morphometric and molecular characterization of root-knot nematodes from Zarafshan Valley in Uzbekistan. Biosystems Diversity, 32(1), 135–141.
Nadler, S. A., Hoberg, E. P., Hudspeth, D. S., & Rickard, L. G. (2000). Relationships of Nematodirus species and Nematodirus battus isolates (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Journal of Parasitology, 86(3), 588–601.
Newton, L. A., Chilton, N. B., Beveridge, I., & Gasser, R. B. (1998). Differences in the second internal transcribed spacer of four species of Nematodirus (Nematoda: Molineidae). International Journal for Parasitology, 28, 337–341.
Oliver, A. M., Pomroy, W., & Leathwick, D. (2016). Benzimidazole resistance in Nematodirus spathiger and N. filicollis in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 64(4), 201–206.
Petrigh, R. S., & Fugassa, M. H. (2014). Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina. Helminthologia, 51(2), 79–82.
Rashid, M. H., Stevenson, M. A., Vaughan, J. L., Saeed, M. A., Campbell, J. D., Beveridge, I., & Jabbar, A. (2019). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of alpacas in Australia: II. A longitudinal study. Parasitology Research, 118(3), 1031–1038.
Rickard, L. G., & Hoberg, E. P. (2000). Reassignment of Lamanema from Nematodirinae to Molineinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Journal of Parasitology, 86(3), 647–650.
Soulsby, E. L. (1968). Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. Baillière Tindall & Cassell Ltd., London.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12), 2725–2729.
Taylor, M. A., Coop, R. L., & Richard, L. W. (2016). Veterinary parasitology. 4th ed. Wiley Blackwell.
Zhao, G. H., Jia, Y. Q., Cheng, W. Y., Zhao, W., Bian, Q. Q., & Liu, G. H. (2014). Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nematodirus oiratianus and Nematodirus spathiger of small ruminants. Parasites Vectors, 7, 319.
