Survival of nematode larvae under exposure to explosion-derived contaminants in war-affected environments
Abstract
Pollution of large areas as a result of military actions in Ukraine has been recorded at least since February 2022, when hazardous toxicants started to be released into environment en mass. Having the ability to bioaccumulate, they concentrate in environmental inanimate-nature objects (soil, natural water bodies). Therefore, the study of how those pollutants behave is of great ecological significance. To determine the effects of toxic releases of explosions on nematode larvae, we used 31 co m pounds at two concentrations (0.1% and 1.0%) and three nematodes ( Strongyloides papillosus , Haemonchus contortus , and Muellerius capillaris ). According to the results, a negative impact on the vitality of the nematode larvae was exerted by 15 toxicants. The greatest nematocidal effects were observed after 24 h exposure to 1% solutions of hydrazine hydrate, 4-nitro- phen ol, p-nitroaniline, and 1-nitro naphthalene, which killed over 80% of the larvae of all three nematodes at different stages. The larvae of the nematodes were also sensitive to 3-nitrophthalic acid dimethyl ester, 1-methyl-2-nitro-benzene, o-nitroaniline, 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzaldehyde, 4,5-dibromo-2-nitroaniline, 2-methyl-5-nitro-benzenamine, trinitrotoluene (TNT), (2,4-dinitrophenyl)-h ydrazine, fluorene, N-phenyl-1-naphthalenamine, and pentachloropyridine.References
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