The importance of relief for explaining the diversity of the floodplain and terrace soil cover in the Dnipro River valley: The case of the protected area within the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve

  • G. F. Tutova Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University
  • O. M. Kunakh Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
  • V. M. Yakovenko Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
  • O. V. Zhukov Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University
Keywords: landscape ecology, digital elevation model, soil morphology, catena, ecological monitoring

Abstract

Floodplains are centers of species diversity, so floodplain habitats often contain protected areas. However, conservation strategies pay little attention to soils, on which the functional stability of both individual ecosystems and landscape chains as a whole depends. Soil morphology provides structural and functional information about floodplain ecosystems. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil morphology is a cost-effective ecological indicator that can be easily integrated into rapid assessment protocols for floodplain and riverine ecosystem restoration projects. Therefore, the aim of our work was to consider the morphological features of soils of the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve and assess the role of soil diversity as a factor of structural and functional sustainability of ecosystems of the protected area, as well as to identify the significance of geomorphological predictors for differentiation of soil types to create a soil map of the territory. The World Reference Base for Soil Resources reference soil groups were classified using geomorphological predictors. Soil types were able to explain 90% of the variation in elevation occupied by soils. Arenosols occupied a statistically significantly higher position in topography than other soil types. In turn, Eutric Arenosols occupied a higher position (68.91 ± 0.48 m) than Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (63.32 ± 0.54 m). Other soils occupied positions in the topography that were not statistically significantly different in height. Soil types were able to explain 38% of the variation in elevation that the soils occupied. The highest Topography Wetness Index values were found for Fluvisols (12.73 ± 0.23) and Solonetz (13.06 ± 0.28 m). Differences between these soils were not statistically significant. Topography Wetness Index was slightly lower for Cambisols (11.80 ± 0.21) and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols (12.21 ± 0.28), which also did not differ on this measure. The lowest Topography Wetness Index value was found for Gleysols (11.15 ± 0.17) and Eutric Arenosols (10.95 ± 0.24), which did not differ from each other on this index. Eutric Arenosols and Eutric Lamellic Arenosols are formed at great depths of the water table (7.89 ± 0.50 and 2.62 ± 0.46 m, respectively). Gleysol and Solonetz form at close groundwater level to the surface (0.28 ± 0.27 and 0.21 ± 0.46 m, respectively) compared to Fluvisol and Cambisol (0.46 ± 0.38 and 0.41 ± 0.35 m, respectively). Elevation was the most informatively valuable predictor, but Topography Wetness Index and Vertical Distance to Channel Network significantly improved discrimination. Arenosols were very different from other soils which occupy an automorphic position. Cambisols occupied a transitional position. Other soils occupied hydromorphic positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz occupied wetter positions, while Gleysol occupied less wet positions. Fluvisols and Solonetz differed in the groundwater table. Solonetz predominantly occurred at close groundwater levels. The classification matrix confirmed the possibility of using geomorphological predictors to build a model of spatial variation of soils in the study area. The spatial model demonstrates the organization of the soil cover of the reserve. Calculations showed that Cambiosols occupy 20.7% of the area, Eutric Arenosols occupy 16.0%, Eutric Lamellic Arenosols occupy 17.9%, Fluvisols occupy 15.2%, Gleysols occupy 28.7%, and Solonetz occupy 1.5%.

References

Adhikari, K., & Hartemink, A. E. (2016). Linking soils to ecosystem services – A global review. Geoderma, 262, 101–111.
Appling, A. P., Bernhardt, E. S., & Stanford, J. A. (2014). Floodplain biogeochemical mosaics: A multidimensional view of alluvial soils. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(8), 1538–1553.
Bedard-Haughn, A. (2011). Gleysolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 91(5), 763–779.
Bertrand, G., Goldscheider, N., Gobat, J.-M., & Hunkeler, D. (2012). Review: From multi-scale conceptualization to a classification system for inland groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Hydrogeology Journal, 20(1), 5–25.
Bock, M., & Köthe, R. (2008). Predicting the depth of hydromorphic soil characteristics influenced by ground water. Hamburger Beiträge Zur Physischen Geographie Und Landschaftsökologie, 19, 13–22.
Brinkmann, W. L., Magnuszewski, A., & Zober, S. (2000). The structure and function of the Vistula River floodplain near Plock, Poland. Ecological Engineering, 16(1), 159–166.
Brunke, M., Hoehn, E., & Gonser, T. (2003). Patchiness of river-groundwater interactions within two floodplain landscapes and diversity of aquatic invertebrate communities. Ecosystems, 6(8), 707–722.
Bullinger-Weber, G., & Gobat, J.-M. (2006). Identification of facies models in alluvial soil formation: The case of a Swiss alpine floodplain. Geomorphology, 74, 181–195.
Celarino, A. L. de S., & Ladeira, F. S. B. (2017). How fast are soil-forming processes in Quaternary sediments of a tropical floodplain? A case study in Southeast Brazil. Catena, 156, 263–280.
Celentano, D., Rousseau, G. X., Engel, V. L., Zelarayán, M., Oliveira, E. C., Araujo, A. C. M., & Moura, E. G. (2017). Degradation of riparian forest affects soil properties and ecosystem services provision in Eastern Amazon of Brazil. Land Degradation and Development, 28(2), 482–493.
Childs, E. C. (1940). The use of soil moisture characteristics in soil studies. Soil Science, 50(4), 239–252.
Dezső, J., Czigány, S., Nagy, G., Pirkhoffer, E., Słowik, M., & Lóczy, D. (2019). Monitoring soil moisture dynamics in multilayered fluvisols. Bulletin of Geography, Physical Geography Series, 16(1), 131–146.
Ding, J., Zhao, W., Daryanto, S., Wang, L., Fan, H., Feng, Q., & Wang, Y. (2017). The spatial distribution and temporal variation of desert riparian forests and their influencing factors in the downstream Heihe River basin, China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(5), 2405–2419.
Długosz, J., Kalisz, B., & Łachacz, A. (2018). Mineral matter composition of drained floodplain soils in North-Eastern Poland. Soil Science Annual, 69(3), 184–193.
Dong, R., Wang, Y., Lu, C., Lei, G., & Wen, L. (2021). The seasonality of macroinvertebrate β diversity along the gradient of hydrological connectivity in a dynamic river-floodplain system. Ecological Indicators, 121, 107112.
Elznicová, J., Kiss, T., Sipos, G., Faměra, M., Štojdl, J., Váchová, V., & Matys Grygar, T. (2021). A Central European alluvial river under anthropogenic pressure: The Ohře River, Czechia. Catena, 201, 105218.
Fang, H. (2017). Impact of land use change and dam construction on soil erosion and sediment yield in the black soil region, Northeastern China. Land Degradation and Development, 28(4), 1482–1492.
Fournier, B., Guenat, C., Bullinger-Weber, G., & Mitchell, E. A. D. (2013). Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of riparian soil morphology in a restored floodplain. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(10), 4031–4042.
Furtak, K., Grządziel, J., Gałązka, A., & Niedźwiecki, J. (2019). Analysis of soil properties, bacterial community composition, and metabolic diversity in fluvisols of a floodplain area. Sustainability, 11(14), 3929.
Gattringer, J. P., Donath, T. W., Eckstein, R. L., Ludewig, K., Otte, A., & Harvolk-Schöning, S. (2017). Flooding tolerance of four floodplain meadow species depends on age. PLoS One, 12(5), e0176869.
Goehring, B. M., Brown, N., Moon, S., & Blisniuk, K. (2021). The transport history of alluvial fan sediment inferred from multiple geochronometers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126(9), e2021JF006096.
Gritsan, Y. I., Kunakh, O. M., Dubinina, J. J., Kotsun, V. I., & Tkalich, Y. I. (2019). The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the “Dnipro-Orilsky” Natural Reserve. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(3), 417–431.
Halecki, W., Stachura, T., & Fudała, W. (2022). Capacity of river valleys to retain nutrients from surface runoff in urban and rural areas (Southern Poland). Water, 14(20), 3259.
Havrdová, A., Douda, J., & Doudová, J. (2023). Threats, biodiversity drivers and restoration in temperate floodplain forests related to spatial scales. Science of the Total Environment, 854, 158743.
Hojati, M., & Mokarram, M. (2016). Determination of a topographic wetness index using high resolution digital elevation models. European Journal of Geography, 7(4), 41–52.
Huang, W.-S., Liang, C.-S., Tsai, H., Hseu, Z.-Y., & Huang, S.-T. (2023). Pedogenesis of fluvial terrace soils related to geomorphic processes in Central Taiwan. Land, 12(3), 535.
Hulisz, P., Michalski, A., Dąbrowski, M., Kusza, G., & Łéczyński, L. (2015). Human-induced changes in the soil cover at the mouth of the Vistula River Cross-Cut (Northern Poland). Soil Science Annual, 66(2), 67–74.
Jakubínský, J., Prokopová, M., Raška, P., Salvati, L., Bezak, N., Cudlín, O., Cudlín, P., Purkyt, J., Vezza, P., Camporeale, C., Daněk, J., Pástor, M., & Lepeška, T. (2021). Managing floodplains using nature‐based solutions to support multiple ecosystem functions and services. WIREs Water, 8(5), e1545.
Jenny, H. (1941). Factors of soil formation: A system of quantitative pedology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Kabała, C. (2022). Origin, transformation and classification of alluvial soils (mady) in Poland – soils of the year 2022. Soil Science Annual, 73(3), 156043.
Kanianska, R., Benková, N., Ševčíková, J., Masný, M., Kizeková, M., Jančová, Ľ., & Feng, J. (2022). Fluvisols contribution to water retention hydrological ecosystem services in different floodplain ecosystems. Land, 11(9), 1510.
Kardol, P., Martijn Bezemer, T., & van der Putten, W. H. (2006). Temporal variation in plant-soil feedback controls succession. Ecology Letters, 9(9), 1080–1088.
Kawalko, D., Jezierski, P., & Kabala, C. (2021). Morphology and physicochemical properties of alluvial soils in riparian forests after river regulation. Forests, 12(3), 329.
Keesstra, S., Geissen, V., Mosse, K., Piiranen, S., Scudiero, E., Leistra, M., & van Schaik, L. (2012). Soil as a filter for groundwater quality. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(5), 507–516.
Kunakh, O. M., Yorkina, N. V., Zhukov, O. V., Turovtseva, N. M., Bredikhina, Y. L., & Logvina-Byk, T. A. (2020). Recreation and terrain effect on the spatial variation of the apparent soil electrical conductivity in an urban park. Biosystems Diversity, 28(1), 3–8.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2023). The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems. Folia Oecologica, 50(1), 16–43.
Łabaz, B., Bogacz, A., & Kabała, C. (2014). Anthropogenic transformation of soils in the Barycz valley – conclusions for soil classification. Soil Science Annual, 65(3), 103–110.
Lewin, J., & Ashworth, P. J. (2014). The negative relief of large river floodplains. Earth-Science Reviews, 129, 1–23.
Manyuk, V. (2019). Geological history of the Dnipro Rapids from Paleogene to Holocene. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(1), 114–132.
Marcinkowski, P., & Grygoruk, M. (2017). Long-term downstream effects of a dam on a lowland river flow regime: Case study of the upper Narew. Water, 9(10), 783.
Marcinkowski, P., Grabowski, R. C., & Okruszko, T. (2017). Controls on anastomosis in lowland river systems: Towards process-based solutions to habitat conservation. Science of the Total Environment, 609, 1544–1555.
Matoshko, A. V. (2004). Evolution of the fluvial system of the Prypiat, Desna and Dnieper during the Late Middle – Late Pleistocene. Quaternaire, 15(1), 117–128.
McBratney, A., Field, D. J., & Koch, A. (2014). The dimensions of soil security. Geoderma, 213, 203–213.
Mendonça Santos, M., Guenat, C., Bouzelboudjen, M., & Golay, F. (2000). Three-dimensional GIS cartography applied to the study of the spatial variation of soil horizons in a Swiss floodplain. Geoderma, 97(3–4), 351–366.
Ndjigui, P.-D., Ebah Abeng, S. A., Ekomane, E., Nzeukou, A. N., Ngo Mandeng, F. S., & Matoy Lindjeck, M. (2015). Mineralogy and geochemistry of pseudogley soils and recent alluvial clastic sediments in the Ngog-Lituba Region, Southern Cameroon: An implication to their genesis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 108, 1–14.
Olaya, V., & Conrad, O. (2009). Chapter 12. Geomorphometry in SAGA. In: Hengl, T., & Reuter, I. H. (Eds.). Developments in soil science. Elsevier. Pp. 293–308.
Paton, B. (2002). On approval of the program of the annals of nature. In: Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. No. 465/430 of 25.11.2002. Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Kyiv.
Penížek, V., Zádorová, T., Kodešová, R., & Vaněk, A. (2016). Influence of elevation data resolution on spatial prediction of colluvial soils in a Luvisol region. PLoS One, 11(11), e0165699.
Rinklebe, J., & Langer, U. (2008). Floodplain soils at the Elbe River, Germany, and their diverse microbial biomass. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 54(3), 259–273.
Rozanov, B. G. (2004). Morfologija pchv [Soil morphology]. Moscow University Press, Moscow (in Russian).
Sahu, R. L., Dash, R. R., Pradhan, P. K., & Das, P. (2019). Effect of hydrogeological factors on removal of turbidity during river bank filtration: Laboratory and field studies. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 9, 100229.
Saint-Laurent, D., & Arsenault-Boucher, L. (2020). Properties of alluvial and non-alluvial soils in fragmented mixed deciduous forest patches in Southern Québec, Canada. Catena, 184, 104254.
Saint-Laurent, D., Lavoie, L., Drouin, A., St-Laurent, J., & Ghaleb, B. (2010). Floodplain sedimentation rates, soil properties and recent flood history in Southern Québec. Global and Planetary Change, 70, 76–91.
Schomburg, A., Sebag, D., Turberg, P., Verrecchia, E. P., Guenat, C., Brunner, P., Adatte, T., Schlaepfer, R., & Le Bayon, R. C. (2019). Composition and superposition of alluvial deposits drive macro-biological soil engineering and organic matter dynamics in floodplains. Geoderma, 355, 113899.
Shimojima, E., Tamagawa, I., & Turner, J. V. (2011). Experimental investigation of evaporation and condensation in sandy soils under simulated arid conditions. In: Schirmer, M., Hoehn, E., & Vogt, T. (Eds.). Proceeding of 7th International groundwater quality conference held in Zurich, Switzerland. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Pp. 405–409.
Słowik, M., Kiss, K., Czigány, S., Gradwohl-Valkay, A., Dezső, J., Halmai, Á., Marciniak, A., Tritt, R., & Pirkhoffer, E. (2021). The influence of changes in flow regime caused by dam closure on channel planform evolution: Insights from flume experiments. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80(4), 165.
Smits, K. M., Sakaki, T., Howington, S. E., Peters, J. F., & Illangasekare, T. H. (2013). Temperature dependence of thermal properties of sands across a wide range of temperatures (30-70°C). Vadose Zone Journal, 12(1), vzj2012.0033.
Sparks, R. E. (1995). Need for ecosystem management of large rivers and their floodplains. BioScience, 45(3), 168–182.
Stella, J. C., & Bendix, J. (2018). Chapter 5 – Multiple stressors in riparian ecosystems. In: Sabater, S., Elosegi, A., & Ludwig, R. (Eds.). Multiple stressors in river ecosystems: Status, impacts and prospects for the future. Elsevier, London and New York. Pp. 81–110.
Sunil, C., Somashekar, R. K., & Nagaraja, B. C. (2011). Impact of anthropogenic disturbances on riparian forest ecology and ecosystem services in Southern India. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management, 7(4), 273–282.
Susetyo, C. (2016). Comparison of digital elevation modelling methods for urban environment. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(5), 2957–2965.
Szmańda, J. B., Gierszewski, P. J., Habel, M., Luc, M., Witkowski, K., Bortnyk, S., & Obodovskyi, O. (2021). Response of the Dnieper River fluvial system to the river erosion caused by the operation of the Kaniv Hydro-Electric Power Plant (Ukraine). Catena, 202, 105265.
Tockner, K., & Stanford, J. A. (2002). Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends. Environmental Conservation, 29(3), 308–330.
Tockner, K., Bunn, S. E., Gordon, C., Naiman, R. J., Quinn, G. P., & Stanford, J. A. (2010). Flood plains: Critically threatened ecosystems. In: Polunin, N. V. C. (Ed.). Aquatic Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 45–62.
Tsheboeng, G., Bonyongo, M., & Murray-Hudson, M. (2017). Flood variation and soil nutrient content in floodplain vegetation communities in the Okavango Delta. South African Journal of Science, 110(3/4), 1–5.
Valerko, R., Herasymchuk, L., Pitsil, A., & Palkevich, J. (2022). GIS-based assessment of risk for drinking water contamination to children’s health in rural settlements. Ekológia (Bratislava), 41(4), 312–321.
Ward, J. V., Malard, F., & Tockner, K. (2002). Landscape ecology: A framework for integrating pattern and process in river corridors. Landscape Ecology, 17(1), 35–45.
Wierzbicki, G., Ostrowski, P., & Falkowski, T. (2020). Applying floodplain geomorphology to flood management (The Lower Vistula River upstream from Plock, Poland). Open Geosciences, 12(1), 1003–1016.
WRB (2015). World Reference Base for soil resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps (World Soil Resources Reports No. 106). World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.
Xu, X.-L., Ma, K.-M., Fu, B.-J., Song, C.-J., & Liu, W. (2008). Relationships between vegetation and soil and topography in a dry warm river valley, SW China. Catena, 75(2), 138–145.
Yan, Q., Iwasaki, T., Stumpf, A., Belmont, P., Parker, G., & Kumar, P. (2018). Hydrogeomorphological differentiation between floodplains and terraces. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 43(1), 218–228.
Zhang, X., Guan, T., Zhou, J., Cai, W., Gao, N., Du, H., Jiang, L., Lai, L., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Groundwater depth and soil properties are associated with variation in vegetation of a desert riparian ecosystem in an arid area of China. Forests, 9(1), 34.
Zhou, R. X., Wang, J., Tang, C. J., Zhang, Y. P., Chen, X. A., Li, X., Shi, Y. Y., Wang, L., Xiao, H. B., & Shi, Z. H. (2023). Identifying soil water movement and water sources of subsurface flow at a hillslope using stable isotope technique. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 343, 108286.
Zhukov, O., Yorkina, N., Budakova, V., & Kunakh, O. (2021). Terrain and tree stand effect on the spatial variation of the soil penetration resistance in urban park. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 79(3), 485–501.
Zymaroieva, A., Bondarev, D., Kunakh, O., Svenning, J.-C., & Zhukov, O. (2022). Which fish benefit from the combined influence of eutrophication and warming in the Dnipro River (Ukraine)? Fishes, 8(1), 14.
Published
2023-05-14
Section
Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

> >>