The effect on the organism of rats of adding Helichrysum arenarium inflorescences to a hypercaloric diet, high in sugar and fat
Keywords:
relative mass of organs; increase in body weight; high-fat diet; phytotherapy; obesity correction
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of developing various pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. For mild correction and even treatment of obesity, drugs based on medicinal plants are increasingly being used. This work aims to determine the overall effect of Helichrysum arenarium inflorescences on physiological activity and metabolic processes in model animals fed a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates. In a 27-day experiment on 18 laboratory rats fed a diet with high-fat content and 20% fructose solution, we determined the effect of 0.4% and 4.0% dry inflorescences of H. arenarium from the feed mass on the animals' physiological activity and metabolic processes. The body weight of rats in the control group reached 121.7% of the initial body weight; when consuming 0.4% and 4.0% H. arenarium in the diet, this indicator was lower – 109.6% and 111.2%, respectively. Dry inflorescences of H. arenarium in the rats’ diet at a dose of 0.4% caused a decrease in the relative mass of the heart and thymus and an increase in the relative mass of the caecum and colon. A diet with the addition of H. arenarium caused a change in blood biochemical parameters: an increase in the urea concentration and urea nitrogen, and a decrease in the glucose concentration and protein coefficient. Helichrysum arenarium at both concentrations significantly increased the gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity with a decrease in alpha-amylase activity in the blood. A 0.4% dose of inflorescences of the food mass caused a decrease in AST activity, and 200 g sharply increased blood ALT activity. The consumption of dried H. arenarium inflorescences decreased hematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and platelet counts, and increased the percentage of eosinophils and monocytes. A decrease in physical activity and an intensification of emotional state were found in the animals after eating dry inflorescences of H. arenarium, regardless of the dose compared with the control group of animals. Significant changes in the orientation activity of the animals were not observed. The obtained results show that adding dry H. arenarium inflorescences as a food supplement to a high-calorie diet is safe, does not cause pathological changes and side effects, and significantly affects metabolic processes. This provides theoretical support for the use of dried H. arenarium inflorescences for the production of nutraceutical and pharmacological products for the correction of metabolic disorders in humans and animals. The doses and duration of their use require further research.References
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Czinner, E., Hagymási, K., Blázovics, A., Kéry, Á., Szőke, É., & Lemberkovics, É. (2000). In vitro antioxidant properties of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73(3), 437–443.
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Demirez Bircan, Z., Aydinoglu, S., Arslan, I., Alpay Karaoglu, S., Yurteri, E., & Bozdeveci, A. (2022). Comparative evaluation of various herbal extracts on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Scardovia wiggsiae: An in vitro study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 32(4), 514–526.
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Fabbrini, E., Sullivan, S., & Klein, S. (2009). Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. Hepatology, 51(2), 679–689.
Gahramanova, M., Khalilova, I., Omarov, A., Susak, Y., Rudyk, M., & Skivka, L. (2020). Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of polyherbal composition in patients with chronic cholecystitis. Ukrainian Biochemical Journal, 92(4), 77–84.
Gradinaru, A. C., Silion, M., Trifan, A., Miron, A., & Aprotosoaie, A. C. (2014). Helichrysum arenarium subsp. arenarium: Phenolic composition and antibacterial activity against lower respiratory tract pathogens. Natural Product Research, 28(22), 2076–2080.
Ivanović, M., Krajnc, P., Mlinarič, A., & Razboršek, M. I. (2022). Natural deep eutectic solvent-based matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction for determination of bioactive compounds from sandy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium L.): A case of stability study. Plants, 11(24), 3468.
Judzentiene, A., Budiene, J., Nedveckyte, I., & Garjonyte, R. (2022). Antioxidant and toxic activity of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. don essential oils and extracts. Molecules, 27(4), 1311.
Judžentienė, A., Charkova, T., & Misiūnas, A. (2019). Chemical composition of the essential oils from Helichrysum arenarium (L.) plants growing in Lithuanian forests. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(4), 305–311.
Jung, U., & Choi, M.-S. (2014). Obesity and its metabolic complications: The role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(4), 6184–6223.
Kenig, S., Kramberger, K., Šik Novak, K., Karnjuš, I., Bandelj, D., Petelin, A., & Jenko Pražnikar, Z. (2022). Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench infusions in reversing the traits of metabolic syndrome: A double-blind randomized comparative trial. Food and Function, 13(14), 7697–7706.
Kramberger, K., Jenko Pražnikar, Z., Baruca Arbeiter, A., Petelin, A., Bandelj, D., & Kenig, S. (2021). A comparative study of the antioxidative effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum arenarium infusions. Antioxidants, 10(3), 380.
Kutluk, I., Aslan, M., Orhan, I. E., & Özçelik, B. (2018). Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral bioactivities of selected Helichrysum species. South African Journal of Botany, 119, 252–257.
Lee, J., Kim, E., Kim, Y., & Yoo, S.-H. (2018). Leucrose, a sucrose isomer, suppresses hepatic fat accumulation by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and fat oxidation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 23(2), 99–106.
Lieshchova, M. A., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2021). Influence of Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis and Vitex angus-castus on the organism of rats fed with excessive fat-containing diet. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(1), 169–180.
Lieshchova, M. A., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2023b). Effect of Echinacea purpurea and Silybum marianum seeds on the body of rats with an excessive fat diet. Biosystems Diversity, 31(1), 90–99.
Lieshchova, M. A., Bohomaz, A. A., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2021). Effect of Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 12(3), 554–563.
Lieshchova, M., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2022). Effects of Origanum vulgare and Scutellaria baicalensis on the physiological activity and biochemical parameters of the blood in rats on a high-fat diet. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 90, 49.
Lieshchova, M., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2023a). Effect of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes and Punica granatum fruit peel on the metabolic processes and physiological activity of rats fed with excessive fat diet. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 61(2), 202–211.
Liu, H., & Lan, W. (2022). Alleviation of myocardial inflammation in diabetic rats by flavonoid extract of Helichrysum arenarium and its effect on damaged myocardial cells induced by high glucose. Frontiers in Surgery, 9, 873010.
Mao, Z., Gan, C., Zhu, J., Ma, N., Wu, L., Wang, L., & Wang, X. (2017). Anti-atherosclerotic activities of flavonoids from the flowers of Helichrysum arenarium L. Moench through the pathway of anti-inflammation. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 27(12), 2812–2817.
Moghadam, H. D., Sani, A., & Sangatash, M. M. (2014). Inhibitory effect of Helichrysum arenarium essential oil on the growth of food contaminated microorganisms. Journal of Essential Oil – Bearing Plants, 17(5), 911–921.
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