Complex characteristics of landscape components affected by the disaster at the Ka-hovka Hydropower Plant
Keywords:
flooding; remote monitoring; normalized water index; landscape complexes; flood surge; Ukraine
Abstract
The paper provides an in-detail analysis of the flooding in Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts as a result of the explosion at the Kahovka Hydropower Plant (HPP). We considered the possibility of using a combined analysis of the data of on-ground and remote monitoring of the course and consequences of the flooding. Based on the materials of the Ukrainian Hydometeorological Center of the State Service of Ukraine, we determined control points of chronology of the events and the dynamics of the main hydrometric indicators. The flooding began on 05/06/2023, the water returning back to the regular levels on average on 26/06/2023. The highest levels of water were observed in the period between June 7 and June 9, 2023. The synchronicity of the satellite surveillance of the territory during this time is representative. Based on the parameters of spatio-temporal resolution and degree of cloud cover, we chose the satellite images from Landsat 9 as the basic materials for our study. Using a modified normalized water index, we identified changes in the water area in the indicated time period. Using a digital model of the territory’s relief, we elaborated the zone of spread of the water surface in areas with dense vegetative cover. We found flooded zones where the water was much higher than the maximal levels recorded at the hydrological-monitoring checkpoints. The elucidation of estimations of the flooding zone revealed the components of natural landscapes that have been affected by the techogenic catastrophe. The flooding pummeled the azonal landscape complexes and complexes of above-floodplain terraces and coastal plains. The results of our study are an important step towards assessing the degradation of the downstream-Dnipro ecosystem. They will lay the groundwork for designing plans to liquidate the aftermath of the emergency and adaptation measures in the conditions of increasing risk of devastating technogenic events.References
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Belova, N. A., & Travleev, A. P. (1999). Estestvennye lesa i stepnye pochvy [Natural forest and steppe soils]. Dnepropetrovsk State University Press Dnepropetrovsk (in Russian).
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2014). Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Folia Oecologica, 41(1), 8–16.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2015a). Community structure of litter invertebrates of forest belt ecosystems in the Ukrainian steppe zone. International Journal of Environ-mental Research, 9(4), 1183–1192.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2015b). Evaluation of the ecological niche of some abundant species of the subfamily Platyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) against the back-ground of eight ecological factors. Folia Oecologica, 42(2), 75–88.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2016). Effect of canopy density on litter invertebrate commu-nity structure in pine forests. Ekológia (Bratislava), 35(1), 90–102.
Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Ukraine (2023). Results of sampling for Ingulets River, Dnipro River, Koshova River, Dnipro Estuary, In-gul River, Tilugul Estuary, Southern Bug River, Pividennyi Buh River, Myko-laiv Water Intake, Dnipro Water Intake, Zaporizhzhia Water Intake, Bilenke Water Intake, and the Black Sea cross various locations.
Didukh, Y. P., Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (2007). Karta: Roslynistʹ. Masshtab: 1:2500000 [Map: Vegetation. Scale: 1:2500000]. In: Rudenko, L. (Ed.). Na-tional atlas of Ukraine. Cartography, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Gritsan, Y., Kunakh, O., Dubinina, J., Kotsun, V., & Tkalich, Y. (2019). The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the Dnipro-Orilsky Natural Reserve. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(3), 417–431.
Grunty Khersonsʹkoyi oblasti (1966). Na pidstavi materialiv obsliduvannya gruntiv 1957–63 1:200,000 [Soils of Kherson region. Based on soil survey materials 1957–63 1:200,000]. Ukrzemproekt, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Hapich, H., & Onopriienko, D. (2024). Ecology and economics of irrigation in the south of Ukraine following destruction of the Kakhov reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, in press.
IUSS Working Group of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2022). Interna-tional soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. 4th edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna.
Kabała, C. (2022). Origin, transformation and classification of alluvial soils (mady) in Poland – soils of the year 2022. Soil Science Annual, 73(3), 156043.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Daniuk, O. (2022). Influence of plants on the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance. Ekológia (Bratislava), 41(2), 113–125.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2023). The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems. Folia Oecologica, 50(1), 16–43.
Langraf, V., Petrovičová, K., Schlarmannová, J., Cenke, P., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2022). Influence of ecological farming on the community structure of epigeic arthropods in crops Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 263–269.
Magas, N. I., Khorenzhenko, G. V., Zamuruyeva, K. M., Beshevets, Y. V., Ryn-dyuk, S. I., Barkar, V. Y., Zamrii, M. V., & Bondar, M. V. (2023). Analiz hidrolohichnoyi sytuatsiyi u Dniprovsʹko-Buzʹkiy hyrloviy oblasti vnaslidok ruynuvannya hrebli Kakhovsʹkoyi HES [Analysis of the hydrological situation in the Dnipro-Buzka estuary region as a result of the destruction of the Kakhovskaya HPP dam]. Environmental Sciences, 49, 15–25 (in Ukrainian).
Marinich, A. M., Pashchenko, V. M., & Shishchenko, P. G. (1985). Priroda USSR: Landshafty i fiziko-geograficheskoye rayonirovaniye [The Nature of the USSR: Landscapes and physical geographical zoning]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
Martyukhin, A. V., & Voloshina, N. O. (2023). Ekolohichni naslidky ruynuvannya kakhovsʹkoho vodoskhovyshcha [Ecological consequences of the destruction of the Kakhov reservoir]. In: Protydiya terorystychnym aktam u misʹkomu seredovyshchi [Combating terrorist acts in the urban environment]. Kyyiv Mykhailo Drahomanov State University Publishing House, Kyiv. Pp. 271–273 (in Ukrainian).
Marynych, O. M., Pashchenko, V. M., Petrenko, O. M., & Shishchenko, P. G. (2007). Karta: Landshafty. Masshtab: 1:2500000 [Map: Landscapes. Scale: 1:2500000]. In: Rudenko, L. (Ed.). Natsionalʹnyy atlas Ukrayiny [National atlas of Ukraine]. Cartography, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Novitskyi, R., Hapich, H., Maksymenko, M., & Kovalenko, V. (2024). Loss of fisheries from destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, in press.
Putchkov, A. V., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2022). Rare species of Carabidae and Cicindelidae in Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 310–337.
Putchkov, A. V., Brygadyrenko, V. V., & Markina, T. Y. (2019). Ground beetles of the tribe Carabini (Coleoptra, Carabidae) in the main megapolises of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 53(1), 3–12.
Putchkov, A. V., Brygadyrenko, V. V., & Nikolenko, N. Y. (2020). Ecological-faunistic analysis of ground beetles and tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Ci-cindelidae) of metropolises of Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 28(2), 163–174.
Sanina, I. V., & Lyuta, N. G. (2023). Ekolohichni naslidky pidryvu hrebli Kak-hovsʹkoyi HES i shlyakhy vdoskonalennya vodopostachannya naselennya [Environmental consequences of blowing up the Kakhovskaya HPP dam and ways to improve the population's water supply]. Mineral Resources of Ukraine, 2, 50–55 (in Ukrainian).
Shumilova, O., Tockner, K., Sukhodolov, A., Khilchevskyi, V., DeMeester, L., Stepanenko, S., Trokhymenko , G., Hernández-Agüero, J. A., & Gleick, P. (2023). Impact of the Russia–Ukraine armed conflict on water resources and water infrastructure. Nature Sustainability, 6, 578–586.
Stelmakh, V., Melniichuk, M., Melnyk, O., & Tokarchuk, I. (2023). Hydro-ecological state of Ukrainian water bodies under the influence of military ac-tions. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 25, 174–187.
Strokal, V. P., & Kovpak, A. V. (2022). Voyenni konflikty ta voda: naslidky y ryzyky [Military conflicts and water: consequences and risks]. Environmental Sciences, 44, 94–102 (in Ukrainian).
Svyrydchenko, A. O., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2014). Trophic preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species. Folia Oecologica, 41(2), 202–212.
Trokhymenko, G., Magas, N., Shumilova, O., & Klochko, V. (2023). Analysis of surface water quality indicators in the Dnipro-Bug Estuary region in the first months after the destruction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Station Dam. Environmental Problems, 8(5), 231–240.
Tuchkovenko, Y. S., Kushnir, D. V., Ovcharuk, V. A., Sokolov, A. V., & Komorin, V. N. (2023). Osoblyvosti rozpovsyudzhennya v Chornomu mori rozprisnenykh i zabrudnenykh perekhidnykh vod z Dniprovsʹko-Buzʹkoho lymanu pislya ruynuvannya hrebli Kakhovsʹkoho vodoskhovyshcha [Characteristics of Black Sea dispersion of freshened and polluted transitional waters from the Dnipro-Bug Estuary after destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir Dam]. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Journal, 32, 95–114 (in Ukrainian).
Tuchkovenko, Y., & Stepanenko, S. (2023). Vplyv ruynuvannya hrebli Kak-hovsʹkoyi HES na ekolohichnyy stan Odesʹkoho rayonu Chornoho morya [The impact of destruction of the Kakhovka Dam on the environmental status of the Odesa area of the Black Sea]. Problems of Water Supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, 44, 71–80 (in Ukrainian).
Tukalo, M. A., Tkachuk, Z. Y., & Yanenko, U. M. (2023). Viyna i biobezpeka v Ukrayini [War and biosecurity in Ukraine]. Visnyk Natcional’noji Akadeniji Nauk Ukrajiny, 8, 14–22 (in Ukrainian).
Tutova, G. F., Kunakh, O. M., Yakovenko, V. M., & Zhukov, O. V. (2023). The importance of relief for explaining the diversity of the floodplain and terrace soil cover in the Dnipro River Valley: The case of the protected area within the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve. Biosystems Diversity, 31(2), 177–190.
Vyshnevskyi, V., Shevchuk, S., Komorin, V., Oleynik, Y., & Gleick, P. (2023). The destruction of the Kakhovka dam and its consequences. Water International, 48(5), 631–647.
Xu, H. (2006). Modification of Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025–3033.
Yakovenko, V., Gorban, V., Kotovych, O., Didur, O., & Lisovets, O. (2024). Visual evaluation of soil structure in low-intensity land use systems of steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil Use and Management, 40, e12972.
Yakovenko, V., Kunakh, O., Tutova, H., & Zhukov, O. (2023). Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve). Folia Oecologica, 50(2), 119–133.
Belova, N. A., & Travleev, A. P. (1999). Estestvennye lesa i stepnye pochvy [Natural forest and steppe soils]. Dnepropetrovsk State University Press Dnepropetrovsk (in Russian).
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2014). Influence of soil moisture on litter invertebrate community structure of pine forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Folia Oecologica, 41(1), 8–16.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2015a). Community structure of litter invertebrates of forest belt ecosystems in the Ukrainian steppe zone. International Journal of Environ-mental Research, 9(4), 1183–1192.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2015b). Evaluation of the ecological niche of some abundant species of the subfamily Platyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) against the back-ground of eight ecological factors. Folia Oecologica, 42(2), 75–88.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2016). Effect of canopy density on litter invertebrate commu-nity structure in pine forests. Ekológia (Bratislava), 35(1), 90–102.
Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Ukraine (2023). Results of sampling for Ingulets River, Dnipro River, Koshova River, Dnipro Estuary, In-gul River, Tilugul Estuary, Southern Bug River, Pividennyi Buh River, Myko-laiv Water Intake, Dnipro Water Intake, Zaporizhzhia Water Intake, Bilenke Water Intake, and the Black Sea cross various locations.
Didukh, Y. P., Shelyag-Sosonko, Y. R. (2007). Karta: Roslynistʹ. Masshtab: 1:2500000 [Map: Vegetation. Scale: 1:2500000]. In: Rudenko, L. (Ed.). Na-tional atlas of Ukraine. Cartography, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Gritsan, Y., Kunakh, O., Dubinina, J., Kotsun, V., & Tkalich, Y. (2019). The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the Dnipro-Orilsky Natural Reserve. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(3), 417–431.
Grunty Khersonsʹkoyi oblasti (1966). Na pidstavi materialiv obsliduvannya gruntiv 1957–63 1:200,000 [Soils of Kherson region. Based on soil survey materials 1957–63 1:200,000]. Ukrzemproekt, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Hapich, H., & Onopriienko, D. (2024). Ecology and economics of irrigation in the south of Ukraine following destruction of the Kakhov reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, in press.
IUSS Working Group of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (2022). Interna-tional soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. 4th edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna.
Kabała, C. (2022). Origin, transformation and classification of alluvial soils (mady) in Poland – soils of the year 2022. Soil Science Annual, 73(3), 156043.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Daniuk, O. (2022). Influence of plants on the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance. Ekológia (Bratislava), 41(2), 113–125.
Kunakh, O., Zhukova, Y., Yakovenko, V., & Zhukov, O. (2023). The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems. Folia Oecologica, 50(1), 16–43.
Langraf, V., Petrovičová, K., Schlarmannová, J., Cenke, P., & Brygadyrenko, V. (2022). Influence of ecological farming on the community structure of epigeic arthropods in crops Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 263–269.
Magas, N. I., Khorenzhenko, G. V., Zamuruyeva, K. M., Beshevets, Y. V., Ryn-dyuk, S. I., Barkar, V. Y., Zamrii, M. V., & Bondar, M. V. (2023). Analiz hidrolohichnoyi sytuatsiyi u Dniprovsʹko-Buzʹkiy hyrloviy oblasti vnaslidok ruynuvannya hrebli Kakhovsʹkoyi HES [Analysis of the hydrological situation in the Dnipro-Buzka estuary region as a result of the destruction of the Kakhovskaya HPP dam]. Environmental Sciences, 49, 15–25 (in Ukrainian).
Marinich, A. M., Pashchenko, V. M., & Shishchenko, P. G. (1985). Priroda USSR: Landshafty i fiziko-geograficheskoye rayonirovaniye [The Nature of the USSR: Landscapes and physical geographical zoning]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
Martyukhin, A. V., & Voloshina, N. O. (2023). Ekolohichni naslidky ruynuvannya kakhovsʹkoho vodoskhovyshcha [Ecological consequences of the destruction of the Kakhov reservoir]. In: Protydiya terorystychnym aktam u misʹkomu seredovyshchi [Combating terrorist acts in the urban environment]. Kyyiv Mykhailo Drahomanov State University Publishing House, Kyiv. Pp. 271–273 (in Ukrainian).
Marynych, O. M., Pashchenko, V. M., Petrenko, O. M., & Shishchenko, P. G. (2007). Karta: Landshafty. Masshtab: 1:2500000 [Map: Landscapes. Scale: 1:2500000]. In: Rudenko, L. (Ed.). Natsionalʹnyy atlas Ukrayiny [National atlas of Ukraine]. Cartography, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
Novitskyi, R., Hapich, H., Maksymenko, M., & Kovalenko, V. (2024). Loss of fisheries from destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir. International Journal of Environmental Studies, in press.
Putchkov, A. V., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2022). Rare species of Carabidae and Cicindelidae in Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 30(3), 310–337.
Putchkov, A. V., Brygadyrenko, V. V., & Markina, T. Y. (2019). Ground beetles of the tribe Carabini (Coleoptra, Carabidae) in the main megapolises of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 53(1), 3–12.
Putchkov, A. V., Brygadyrenko, V. V., & Nikolenko, N. Y. (2020). Ecological-faunistic analysis of ground beetles and tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Ci-cindelidae) of metropolises of Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 28(2), 163–174.
Sanina, I. V., & Lyuta, N. G. (2023). Ekolohichni naslidky pidryvu hrebli Kak-hovsʹkoyi HES i shlyakhy vdoskonalennya vodopostachannya naselennya [Environmental consequences of blowing up the Kakhovskaya HPP dam and ways to improve the population's water supply]. Mineral Resources of Ukraine, 2, 50–55 (in Ukrainian).
Shumilova, O., Tockner, K., Sukhodolov, A., Khilchevskyi, V., DeMeester, L., Stepanenko, S., Trokhymenko , G., Hernández-Agüero, J. A., & Gleick, P. (2023). Impact of the Russia–Ukraine armed conflict on water resources and water infrastructure. Nature Sustainability, 6, 578–586.
Stelmakh, V., Melniichuk, M., Melnyk, O., & Tokarchuk, I. (2023). Hydro-ecological state of Ukrainian water bodies under the influence of military ac-tions. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 25, 174–187.
Strokal, V. P., & Kovpak, A. V. (2022). Voyenni konflikty ta voda: naslidky y ryzyky [Military conflicts and water: consequences and risks]. Environmental Sciences, 44, 94–102 (in Ukrainian).
Svyrydchenko, A. O., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2014). Trophic preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species. Folia Oecologica, 41(2), 202–212.
Trokhymenko, G., Magas, N., Shumilova, O., & Klochko, V. (2023). Analysis of surface water quality indicators in the Dnipro-Bug Estuary region in the first months after the destruction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Station Dam. Environmental Problems, 8(5), 231–240.
Tuchkovenko, Y. S., Kushnir, D. V., Ovcharuk, V. A., Sokolov, A. V., & Komorin, V. N. (2023). Osoblyvosti rozpovsyudzhennya v Chornomu mori rozprisnenykh i zabrudnenykh perekhidnykh vod z Dniprovsʹko-Buzʹkoho lymanu pislya ruynuvannya hrebli Kakhovsʹkoho vodoskhovyshcha [Characteristics of Black Sea dispersion of freshened and polluted transitional waters from the Dnipro-Bug Estuary after destruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir Dam]. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Journal, 32, 95–114 (in Ukrainian).
Tuchkovenko, Y., & Stepanenko, S. (2023). Vplyv ruynuvannya hrebli Kak-hovsʹkoyi HES na ekolohichnyy stan Odesʹkoho rayonu Chornoho morya [The impact of destruction of the Kakhovka Dam on the environmental status of the Odesa area of the Black Sea]. Problems of Water Supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, 44, 71–80 (in Ukrainian).
Tukalo, M. A., Tkachuk, Z. Y., & Yanenko, U. M. (2023). Viyna i biobezpeka v Ukrayini [War and biosecurity in Ukraine]. Visnyk Natcional’noji Akadeniji Nauk Ukrajiny, 8, 14–22 (in Ukrainian).
Tutova, G. F., Kunakh, O. M., Yakovenko, V. M., & Zhukov, O. V. (2023). The importance of relief for explaining the diversity of the floodplain and terrace soil cover in the Dnipro River Valley: The case of the protected area within the Dnipro-Orylskiy Nature Reserve. Biosystems Diversity, 31(2), 177–190.
Vyshnevskyi, V., Shevchuk, S., Komorin, V., Oleynik, Y., & Gleick, P. (2023). The destruction of the Kakhovka dam and its consequences. Water International, 48(5), 631–647.
Xu, H. (2006). Modification of Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025–3033.
Yakovenko, V., Gorban, V., Kotovych, O., Didur, O., & Lisovets, O. (2024). Visual evaluation of soil structure in low-intensity land use systems of steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil Use and Management, 40, e12972.
Yakovenko, V., Kunakh, O., Tutova, H., & Zhukov, O. (2023). Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve). Folia Oecologica, 50(2), 119–133.
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